Reduced cell cohesiveness of outgrowths from eccrine sweat glands delays wound closure in elderly skin

Rittié, Laure; Farr, Elyssa A.; Orringer, Jeffrey S.; Voorhees, John J.; Fisher, Gary J.

doi:10.1111/acel.12493

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Reepithelialization already starts some hours after injury by conversion of cobblestone-shaped stationary keratinocytes into flat migratory keratinocytes [22]. In pigs, the epidermis regenerates from hair follicles, apocrine gland ducts, and the wound margin, while in humans, this process seems to originate from pilosebaceous units, eccrine sweat glands [22,23], and the outer root sheath of the hair follicle [24]. Interestingly, the anatomical positioning of skin adnexa seems to be specifically configured for the purpose of highly efficient wound repair.…”

Section: Epithelialization In Skin Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Wound Healing: An Update on the Current Knowledge and Concepts

Sorg

Tilkorn²,

Hager³

et al. 2016

Eur Surg Res

907

691

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Background: The integrity of healthy skin plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis of the human body. The skin is the largest organ system of the body. As such, it plays pivotal roles in the protection against mechanical forces and infections, fluid imbalance, and thermal dysregulation. At the same time, it allows for flexibility to enable joint function in some areas of the body and more rigid fixation to hinder shifting of the palm or foot sole. Many instances lead to inadequate wound healing which necessitates medical intervention. Chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease can lead to impaired wound healing. Acute trauma such as degloving or large-scale thermal injuries are followed by a loss of skin organ function rendering the organism vulnerable to infections, thermal dysregulation, and fluid loss. Methods: For this update article, we have reviewed the actual literature on skin wound healing purposes focusing on the main phases of wound healing, i.e., inflammation, proliferation, epithelialization, angiogenesis, remodeling, and scarring. Results: The reader will get briefed on new insights and up-to-date concepts in skin wound healing. The macrophage as a key player in the inflammatory phase will be highlighted. During the epithelialization process, we will present the different concepts of how the wound will get closed, e.g., leapfrogging, lamellipodial crawling, shuffling, and the stem cell niche. The neovascularization represents an essential component in wound healing due to its fundamental impact from the very beginning after skin injury until the end of the wound remodeling. Here, the distinct pattern of the neovascularization process and the special new functions of the pericyte will be underscored. At the end, this update will present 3 topics of high interest in skin wound healing issues, dealing with scarring, tissue engineering, and plasma application. Conclusion: Although wound healing mechanisms and specific cell functions in wound repair have been delineated in part, many underlying pathophysiological processes are still unknown. The purpose of the following update on skin wound healing is to focus on the different phases and to brief the reader on the current knowledge and new insights. Skin wound healing is a complex process, which is dependent on many cell types and mediators interacting in a highly sophisticated temporal sequence. Although some interactions during the healing process are crucial, redundancy is high and other cells or mediators can adopt functions or signaling without major complications.

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Section: Epithelialization In Skin Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Wound Healing: An Update on the Current Knowledge and Concepts

Sorg

Tilkorn²,

Hager³

et al. 2016

Eur Surg Res

907

691

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Whether the injury was too mild to clearly establish that eccrine sweat gland could contribute to epidermal repair in these studies remains a possibility. In humans, complete removal of epidermis triggers a proliferation response that is limited to the absorption portion (straight duct) of the gland (Rittié et al 2016), suggesting that potential sweat gland stem cells are located in the duct and not the coil.…”

Section: Stem Cell Response To Woundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basal keratinocytes of the advancing tongue (or appendages outgrowths in the case of partial thickness wounds) also harbor characteristics of keratinocyte activation, i.e. mitotic activity [shown in humans: (Williams and Hunter 1957;Rittié et al 2013aRittié et al , 2016], and less desmosomes but more gap junctions than in control epidermis [shown in rats: (Gabbiani et al 1978) and humans: (Ortonne et al 1981)]. It is often cited that keratinocyte migration precedes proliferation during reepithelialization.…”

Section: Leapfrog Mechanism Of Reepithelialization From the Wound Edgementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cellular mechanisms of skin repair in humans and other mammals

Rittié

2016

J. Cell Commun. Signal.

Self Cite

238

167

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The increased incidence of non-healing skin wounds in developed societies has prompted tremendous research efforts on the complex process known as Bwound healing^. Unfortunately, the weak relevance of modern wound healing research to human health continues to be a matter of concern. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the cellular mechanisms that mediate wound closure in the skin of humans and laboratory animals. The author highlights the anatomical singularities of human skin vs. the skin of other mammals commonly used for wound healing research (i.e. as mice, rats, rabbits, and pigs), and discusses the roles of stem cells, myofibroblasts, and the matrix environment in the repair process. The majority of this review focuses on reepithelialization and wound closure. Other aspects of wound healing (e.g. inflammation, fibrous healing) are referred to when relevant to the main topic. This review aims at providing the reader with a clear understanding of the similarities and differences that have been reported over the past 100 years between the healing of human wounds and that of other mammals.

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“…Therefore, care should be taken in selecting a sweat stimulation method, and results from studies involving different methods of sweat stimulation should be compared with caution. It is also worth considering the impact of age on sweat gland cellular functions (66). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%