Reduced cancer incidence among patients with schizophrenia

Barak, Yoram; Achiron, Anat; Mandel, Micha; Mirecki, Ilona; Aizenberg, Dov

doi:10.1002/cncr.21574

Cited by 147 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We found 23% (adjusted) decreased performance of PSA tests among service users diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to their matched counterparts. In line with previous reports [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] we found that the risk of prostate cancer among service users with schizophrenia was lower than matched comparison subjects (in about 61%). According to our hypothesis, the lower rate of PSA tests could suggest that this negative association may reflect more an issue of method than an issue of substance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Lower risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia: fact or artifact?

2014

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-Background and Objectives: Reduced risk for prostate cancer in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia has been reported repeatedly. While genetic factors and antipsychotic medications were imputed, a methodological hypothesis could be raised: given the reported disparities of health services with regard to service users with schizophrenia these persons may be screened less often compared to schizophrenia-free counterparts resulting in undetected prostate tumors. The study objective was to compare the rates of performance of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening test among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia to matched-comparison subjects.Methods: A prospective historical epidemiological study which included service users with and without a diagnosis of schizophrenia (N = 52,131). Linkage was conducted between databases of the nation-wide psychiatric register and Israel's largest health maintenance organization. Annual performance of PSA tests was recorded between the years 2002-2009.Results: Service users with schizophrenia performed the PSA test 23% less than the comparison subjects. However, among service users who were diagnosed with prostate cancer only 44% performed the PSA test during the year prior to diagnosis.Conclusions: In line with our hypothesis, lower rates of PSA screening tests were conducted among service users with schizophrenia. However, the relatively low rate of this test prior to prostate cancer diagnosis ought to be noted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Several studies found a reduced risk for cancer in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . Among cancer sites the most robust finding was associated with prostate cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia: fact or artifact?

2014

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“…Increased prevalence of incontinence in people with schizophrenia have also been reported (136,137). Population-based studies on prostate cancer consistently found reduced incidences in people with schizophrenia (57,58,(61)(62)(63)(64)68), please note again that the samples in the Danish studies partly overlapped (61,68). One explanation may be the antiproliferative activity of some antipsychotics (68).…”

Section: Diseases Of the Nervous System (15 170 Medline Hits)mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…There were a number of methodological problems, a major one being too small sample sizes given the relative rarity of patients having concomitantly both schizophrenia and cancer. Therefore, a number of population-based incidence studies in Denmark, Japan, Hawaii, Australia, Finland, Israel, the United States and the United Kingdom were carried out (53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64). Note that the samples of the studies from Denmark (53,56,60,61) partly overlapped, thus, the findings were not independent.…”

Section: Neoplasms (359 Medline Hits)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature

Leucht

Burkard

Henderson³

et al. 2007

Acta Psychiatr Scand

560

358

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Sartorius N. Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature.Objective: The lifespan of people with schizophrenia is shortened compared to the general population. We reviewed the literature on comorbid physical diseases in schizophrenia to provide a basis for initiatives to fight this unacceptable situation. Method: We searched MEDLINE (1966( -May 2006 combining the MeSH term of schizophrenia with the 23 MeSH terms of general physical disease categories to identify relevant epidemiological studies. Results: A total of 44 202 abstracts were screened. People with schizophrenia have higher prevalences of HIV infection and hepatitis, osteoporosis, altered pain sensitivity, sexual dysfunction, obstetric complications, cardiovascular diseases, overweight, diabetes, dental problems, and polydipsia than the general population. Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer may occur less frequently than in the general population. Eighty-six per cent of the studies came from industrialized countries limiting the generalizability of the findings. Conclusion: The increased frequency of physical diseases in schizophrenia might be on account of factors related to schizophrenia and its treatment, but undoubtedly also results from the unsatisfactory organization of health services, from the attitudes of medical doctors, and the social stigma ascribed to the schizophrenic patients. Summations• According to this review it has been known for decades that incidences physical diseases are frequent in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, some areas such as infectious diseases have not been sufficiently studied.• Psychiatrists are often not trained well enough in the detection and treatment of physical diseases.They must be aware of the frequent medical comorbidities and should play a more active role in their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.• Other necessary strategies include the education of patients, general practitioners and of doctors working in other medical specialities. The access to medical care of the mentally ill also needs to be improved, among others, by reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. Considerations• The review covered a broad area of research accordingly, focusing attention to details has not been possible.• Despite the broad search strategy, studies not covered by MEDLINE or not indexed by the MeSH term of schizophrenia could have been missed. • Due to considerable differences in the design and quality of the studies in assorted and diverse areas, quantitative approaches using meta-analysis were not possible, but should be the target of future reviews focusing.

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“…Due to the established safety of these drugs, combined with their proven ability to cross the BBB, antipsychotic medications are increasingly being tested for efficacy in patients with various cancers, including malignant brain tumors. Furthermore, epidemiological studies with diverse patient populations have reported significantly lower incidences of cancer among patients with schizophrenia compared with the general population (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). These findings support the possibility that antipsychotics may partially ameliorate the risk of cancer development, although molecular elucidations are yet to be accomplished.…”

Section: Anti-neoplastic Effects Of Antipsychoticsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Repurposing antipsychotics as glioblastoma therapeutics: Potentials and challenges

2016

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Abstract. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor, with tragically little therapeutic progress over the last 30 years. Surgery provides a modest benefit, and GBM cells are resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Despite significant development of the molecularly targeting strategies, the clinical outcome of GBM patients remains dismal. The challenges inherent in developing effective GBM treatments have become increasingly clear, and include resistance to standard treatments, the blood-brain barrier, resistance of GBM stem-like cells, and the genetic complexity and molecular adaptability of GBM. Recent studies have collectively suggested that certain antipsychotics harbor antitumor effects and have potential utilities as anti-GBM therapeutics. In the present review, the anti-tumorigenic effects and putative mechanisms of antipsychotics, and the challenges for the potential use of antipsychotic drugs as anti-GBM therapeutics are reviewed.

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Reduced cancer incidence among patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 147 publications

References 25 publications

Lower risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia: fact or artifact?

Lower risk of prostate cancer in schizophrenia: fact or artifact?

Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature

Repurposing antipsychotics as glioblastoma therapeutics: Potentials and challenges

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