Reduced Biosynthesis of Digalactosyldiacylglycerol, a Major Chloroplast Membrane Lipid, Leads to Oxylipin Overproduction and Phloem Cap Lignification in Arabidopsis

Lin, Yang-Tsung; Chen, Lih‐Jen; Herrfurth, Cornelia; Feußner, Ivo; Li, Hsou‐min

doi:10.1105/tpc.15.01002

Cited by 59 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…shown to what extent this phenotype is similar to the one observed in pao1 and whether porphyrin-induced JA responses could be effectively coordinated signaling mechanisms, by which the status of the chloroplast can be further transduced to the nucleus during both synthesis and degradation of chl (Lin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Pheide a Is A Key Signaling Molecule Of Chloroplast Functionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Pheophorbide a May Regulate Jasmonate Signaling during Dark-Induced Senescence

et al. 2019

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Chlorophyll degradation is one of the most visible signs of leaf senescence. During senescence, chlorophyll is degraded in the multistep pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO)/phyllobilin pathway. This pathway is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level, allowing coordinated and efficient remobilization of nitrogen toward sink organs. Using a combination of transcriptome and metabolite analyses during dark-induced senescence of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in key steps of the PAO/phyllobilin pathway, we show an unanticipated role for one of the pathway intermediates, i.e. pheophorbide a. Both jasmonic acid-related gene expression and jasmonic acid precursors specifically accumulated in pao1, a mutant deficient in PAO. We propose that pheophorbide a, the last intact porphyrin intermediate of chlorophyll degradation and a unique pathway "bottleneck," has been recruited as a signaling molecule of chloroplast metabolic status. Our work challenges the assumption that chlorophyll breakdown is merely a result of senescence, and proposes that the flux of pheophorbide a through the pathway acts in a feed-forward loop that remodels the nuclear transcriptome and controls the pace of chlorophyll degradation in senescing leaves.

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Section: Pheide a Is A Key Signaling Molecule Of Chloroplast Functionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Pheophorbide a May Regulate Jasmonate Signaling during Dark-Induced Senescence

et al. 2019

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“…However, Thompson et al . () suggested that possible disruptions of JA signaling might be the cause of the observed developmental changes in the rbl10 mutants and there is an increasing body of work demonstrating a relationship between chloroplast glycerolipid metabolism and JA biosynthesis (Lin et al ., ; Wang et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A predicted plastid rhomboid protease affects phosphatidic acid metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2019

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Summary The thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast harbor the photosynthetic machinery that converts light into chemical energy. Chloroplast membranes are unique in their lipid makeup, which is dominated by the galactolipids mono‐ and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG). The most abundant galactolipid, MGDG, is assembled through both plastid and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathways in Arabidopsis, resulting in distinguishable molecular lipid species. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the first glycerolipid formed by the plastid galactolipid biosynthetic pathway. It is converted to substrate diacylglycerol (DAG) for MGDG Synthase (MGD1) which adds to it a galactose from UDP‐Gal. The enzymatic reactions yielding these galactolipids have been well established. However, auxiliary or regulatory factors are largely unknown. We identified a predicted rhomboid‐like protease 10 (RBL10), located in plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana, that affects galactolipid biosynthesis likely through intramembrane proteolysis. Plants with T‐DNA disruptions in RBL10 have greatly decreased 16:3 (acyl carbons:double bonds) and increased 18:3 acyl chain abundance in MGDG of leaves. Additionally, rbl10‐1 mutants show reduced [14C]–acetate incorporation into MGDG during pulse−chase labeling, indicating a reduced flux through the plastid galactolipid biosynthesis pathway. While plastid MGDG biosynthesis is blocked in rbl10‐1 mutants, they are capable of synthesizing PA, as well as producing normal amounts of MGDG by compensating with ER‐derived lipid precursors. These findings link this predicted protease to the utilization of PA for plastid galactolipid biosynthesis potentially revealing a regulatory mechanism in chloroplasts.

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“…In the dgd1-1 mutant of Arabidopsis, which has a stop codon mutation in the glycosyltransferase motif of DGD1, the αβDGDG content decreased from 16.0 mol% to 1.2 mol% of the total lipid content (Dörmann et al, 1995). This led to various defects in the mutant, especially the dwarf phenotype, mainly because of overproduction of oxylipin and lignification of the phloem cap (Lin et al, 2016). These phenomena were partially complemented by introducing Chloroflexus aurantiacus glycosyltransferase (β-GlcT) (Hölzl et al, 2006(Hölzl et al, , 2009, which synthesizes…”

Section: Molecular Species and Configuration Of The Sugar Head In Digmentioning

confidence: 99%

Configuration of the sugar head of glycolipids in thylakoid membranes

Apdila

Awai

2017

Genes Genet. Syst.

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Glycolipids constitute the majority of membrane components in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, whereas they are minor lipids in other organisms. In cyanobacteria, three glycolipids comprise ~90 mol% of the total lipids in thylakoid membranes, where photosynthetic electron transport occurs. Among these glycolipids, 80 mol% are galactolipids (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol). Galactolipids are well conserved in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms and are believed to be essential for the integrity of the membrane system. It remains unclear, however, which part(s) of the galactolipid structure is the key factor for their function, e.g., the sugar moiety and/or the anomeric configuration. To address this issue, several bacterial membrane glycolipid synthase genes have been introduced into cyanobacteria to test for complementation of knocked-out genes involved in galactolipid biosynthesis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the analyses of sugar species and configurations of glycolipids heterologously synthesized in the thylakoid membrane and discuss their functional importance.4

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Reduced Biosynthesis of Digalactosyldiacylglycerol, a Major Chloroplast Membrane Lipid, Leads to Oxylipin Overproduction and Phloem Cap Lignification in Arabidopsis

Cited by 59 publications

References 69 publications

Pheophorbide a May Regulate Jasmonate Signaling during Dark-Induced Senescence

Pheophorbide a May Regulate Jasmonate Signaling during Dark-Induced Senescence

A predicted plastid rhomboid protease affects phosphatidic acid metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Configuration of the sugar head of glycolipids in thylakoid membranes

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