Reduced Biocide Susceptibility in
            <i>Candida albicans</i>
            Biofilms

Nett, Jeniel E.; Guite, Kristie M.; Ringeisen, Alex; Holoyda, Kathleen A.; Andes, David R.

doi:10.1128/aac.01656-07

Cited by 65 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…One feature of many biofilm bacteria is their resistance to some antibiotics and disinfectants ( [144][145][146][147] and reviewed in [148,149] ). Artificial P. aeruginosa biofilms resisted treatment with various biocidal agents including peracetic acid, compared with their planktonic counterparts [150][151][152] .…”

Section: Resistance Of Biofilm Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

Kampf

Fliss

Martiny

2014

WJGE

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The bioburden (blood, protein, pathogens and biofilm) on flexible endoscopes after use is often high and its removal is essential to allow effective disinfection, especially in the case of peracetic acid-based disinfectants, which are easily inactivated by organic material. Cleaning processes using conventional cleaners remove a variable but often sufficient amount of the bioburden. Some formulations based on peracetic acid are recommended by manufacturers for the cleaning step. We performed a systematic literature search and reviewed the available evidence to clarify the suitability of peracetic acid-based formulations for cleaning flexible endoscopes. A total of 243 studies were evaluated. No studies have yet demonstrated that peracetic acidbased cleaners are as effective as conventional cleaners. Some peracetic acid-based formulations have demonstrated some biofilm-cleaning effects and no biofilmfixation potential, while others have a limited cleaning effect and a clear biofilm-fixation potential. All published data demonstrated a limited blood cleaning effect and a substantial blood and nerve tissue fixation potential of peracetic acid. No evidence-based guidelines on reprocessing flexible endoscopes currently recommend using cleaners containing peracetic acid, but some guidelines clearly recommend not using them because of their fixation potential. Evidence from some outbreaks, especially those involving highly multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, indicated that disinfection using peracetic acid may be insufficient if the preceding cleaning step is not performed adequately. Based on this review we conclude that peracetic acid-based formulations should not be used for cleaning flexible endoscopes. Key words: Peracetic acid; Cleaning; Flexible endoscope; Biofilm; Resistance; Bioburden; Blood; Disinfection; Reprocessing Core tip: Some formulations based on peracetic acid (PAA) are recommended by manufacturers for cleaning flexible endoscopes. We reviewed 243 studies to analyse the evidence for this recommendation. No study demonstrated that PAA-based cleaners were as effective as conventional cleaners, and some PAA-based formulations had clear biofilm-fixation potential. Dried blood and nerve tissue were substantially fixed by PAA. Some outbreaks, especially of highly multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, indicated that insufficient cleaning could not be compensated for by using PAA in the disinfection step. PAA-based formulations should not be used for cleaning flexible endoscopes.

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Section: Resistance Of Biofilm Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

Kampf

Fliss

Martiny

2014

WJGE

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“…El etanol es efectivo frente a un amplio rango de patógenos, incluyendo bacterias, micobacterias y hongos. Y, además, al contrario que en el caso de los antibióticos, no existe evidencia de que las bacterias o los hongos sean capaces de adquirir resistencias frente al etanol como consecuencia de su exposición (19)(20)(21). Las soluciones de etanol tienen una estabilidad de 14-28 días a temperatura ambiente (22,23).…”

Section: Etanolunclassified

“…En los estudios publicados, existe una amplia diversidad en cuanto a la concentración de etanol utilizada (25-100%); así como respecto a la duración del sellado (desde 15 minutos hasta más de 48 horas), lo que dificulta la comparación de los resultados obtenidos (9). En los estudios realizados in vitro, se ha visto que una concentración de etanol al 70% es eficaz para la erradicación de los patógenos más frecuentemente implicados en las IAC (incluyendo Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y múltiples especies de Candida) con una exposición de 2 horas frente a un biofilm establecido (19)(20)(21). De hecho, se ha visto que no existe un beneficio adicional en aumentar el tiempo de exposición a más de 2 horas cuando se utiliza etanol al 70%.…”

Section: Etanolunclassified

Sellado con antibióticos o antisépticos en pacientes pediátricos con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria. Puesta al dí

et al. 2016

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Introduction: Home parenteral nutrition has become the mainstay for the support of patients with severe chronic intestinal failure. Despite the signifi cant advances that have occurred in recent decades in terms of vascular access and parenteral solutions, catheter-related bloodstream infections remain one of the most important complications. Antiseptic lock therapies, as ethanol or taurolidine; and antibiotic lock therapies are used in order to prevent or treat these infections. Objective: The aim of this article is to review the available scientifi c evidence regarding the use of antiseptic and antibiotic lock therapies in the management of pediatric patients with home parenteral nutrition. Material and methods: The use of ethanol or taurolidine lock therapy would be suggested in order to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients with home parenteral nutrition who have suffered from more than one infection in the previous year or in at-risk patients. Antibiotic locks are used for the treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections due to S. coagulase negative and gram-negative bacilli in conjunction with systemic antimicrobial therapy, for whom catheter salvage is the goal. Catheter removal is recommended when there are signs of exit site or tunnel infection or the infection is due to S. aureus or Candida species. Conclusion: Despite the fact that evidence based data on the topic is scarce, there are a growing number of publications that support the use of antibiotics or antiseptic locks for the prevention or treatment of catheter-related infections in home parenteral nutrition patients, in whom catheter maintenance is a cornerstone for survival.

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“…RPMI-MOPS cell suspension was inoculated in 96-well polystyrene plates with diluted antifungal agents ( Figure 3) [14]. …”

Section: Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-Mycological Study of Fungal Biofilms in Recalcitrant Onychomycosis

Mr¹,

Mh²,

Hm³

et al. 2017

Mycobact Dis

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Objective: Studying the incidence of different predisposing factors of onychomycosis and the ability of fungal isolates to form biofilms. Background:Onychomycosis chronicity is referred to difficulties in eliminating the causative pathogens. Biofilms have become focus of era and considered to be one of the globally important causes of chronic recalcitrant infections. Fungi implicated in onychomycosis have the ability to form biofilms ''surface-attached multi-cellular communities''. Biofilm associated fungi acquire higher adaptive ability to overcome stressful conditions, higher antifungal resistance and evasion of host defensive systems. Moreover, they express community-based differential genes and more virulence activities.

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Reduced Biocide Susceptibility in Candida albicans Biofilms

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

Sellado con antibióticos o antisépticos en pacientes pediátricos con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria. Puesta al dí

Clinico-Mycological Study of Fungal Biofilms in Recalcitrant Onychomycosis

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