Reduced Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of Verapamil in Isolated Rat Hearts in the Presence of Elevated Extracellular Calcium

Abstract

An isolated heart method that has been proposed to aid in ascertaining the involvement of L-type calcium channel blockade in the mechanism of action of novel antiarrhythmic drugs involves increasing the calcium concentration in the perfusion buffer. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of this method using an established L-type calcium channel blocker, verapamil. Isolated rat hearts were perfused with normal calcium (1.4 mM) Krebs solution containing drug vehicle only, a normal calcium solution containing verapamil (300 nM), or a high calcium (2.8 mM) solution containing verapamil. The occurrence of ventricular fibrillation during a subsequent period of regional myocardial ischemia was monitored. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation was significantly reduced from 80% in controls to 20% by perfusion with verapamil in normal calcium Krebs solution (P < 0.05). Perfusion with the high calcium solution increased the incidence of ventricular fibrillation in the presence of verapamil to 40% (P > 0.05 versus controls). We conclude that the antiarrhythmic effect of verapamil in isolated hearts can be attenuated by increasing the calcium content of the perfusion solution, but a twofold increase in the calcium concentration failed to fully restore susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation to that observed in verapamil-free controls.

Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on rat isolated heart function and protein biomarkers indicative of toxicity

“…is known to cause reduced contractility and force of contraction, as well as a decrease in heart rate at higher concentrations, we did not expect to see a corresponding increase in toxicity and injury markers. It is used clinically for treatment of angina, hypertension, and atrial dysrhythmias (Elliott & Ram, 2011;Lieu, Fornari, Ramos, Hatcher, & Clements-Jewery, 2011). FCCP, a protonophore, disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential causing metabolic inhibition resulting in reduced excitation-contraction coupling.…”