Redox modulation by plant polyphenols targeting vitagenes for chemoprevention and therapy: Relevance to novel anti-cancer interventions and mini-brain organoid technology

Application of Organoids in Carcinogenesis Modeling and Tumor Vaccination

“…It is worth evaluating the reactivity of glioblastoma multiforme tumor and healthy brain cells when exposed to therapeutics by using the organoid system. They confirmed the biological correlation between organoids and clinical data, providing a basis for high-throughput drug screening and determining the most effective drug timely ( 158 ). One additional study indicated that the combination of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibition and autophagy process reduced liver metastases in mice with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PDO transplantation.…”

“…This approach accelerated maturation of astrocytes and allowed chemical or genetic manipulation of any cell type before coculture ( 162 , 163 ). However, how to select certain types of cells as targets for transgenic or epigenetic manipulation, drug delivery, or local extracellular modification is still a bench-side issue ( 158 , 159 ). Nanoparticles generated from polymer or liposomes are utilized as encapsulation carriers for astrocytes and other cells ( 164 ).…”

“…An alternative way to reduce toxicity is to use exosomes as a source of nanocarriers, which can increase cell type-specific targeting and enhance their functionality by engineering surface antibodies. Verification of the toxicity of nanomaterials in organoids requires much further attention ( 158 , 159 , 164 ).…”

Higher efficacy of resveratrol against advanced breast cancer organoids: A comparison with that of clinically relevant drugs

“…Dietary polyphenols including Res can prevent cancer formation, and one of their mechanisms is to regulate nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 (Nrf2) pathway and related genes such as hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) through hormesis (Brunetti et al, 2020;Vittorio Calabrese et al, 2007;Miquel et al, 2018;Trovato Salinaro et al, 2018) in the patterns of low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition (Calabrese, Cornelius, Dinkova-Kostova, Calabrese, & Mattson, 2010;Pennisi et al, 2017). At low concentrations, polyphenols activate Nrf2 and antioxidant genes and induce moderate oxidative stress to protect cells (Bucciantini et al, 2022;Calabrese et al, 2020;Ontario et al, 2022;Scuto et al, 2021), while at high doses, they play a pro-oxidant role in various types of cancer cells via inhibiting Nrf2 pathway and antioxidant gene expression (Scuto et al, 2022). In our previous studies, we have found that the levels of ROS are remarkably increased in 100 μM Restreated ovarian and thyroid cancer cells, leading to oxidative damage, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis (Zheng et al, 2018;Zhong et al, 2016); in contrast, the normal ovarian and thyroid epithelial cells Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in many kinds of cancers, including more than 40% of BCs (Banerjee & Resat, 2016).…”

The Protective Anticancer Effect of Natural Lycopene Supercritical CO2 Watermelon Extracts in Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer Cells

“…These were able to abolish and reverse the proliferative and the anti-death roles promoted by the survival adipocytokine, leptin, also in the presence of lung adenocarcinoma pleural fluids promoting cancer growth in the milieu. An important signaling pathway involved in the development and progression of cancer is the oxidative response that modulates the expression of genes implicated in cellular differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and immune response [ 64 , 65 , 66 ]. In this prospective, carotenoids’ intake from a healthy diet rich in natural antioxidants, such as colorful fruits and vegetables and their increased plasmatic level, are long since under investigation to assess their protective role against chronic diseases, such as NCDs, lung cancer included.…”