Redox-mediated electrochemiluminescence enhancement for bead-based immunoassay

Abstract

Redox mediated mechanism in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) beads-based assay: the influence of Ir(iii) redox mediators increases the ECL signal up to 107%.

From theory to practice: understanding the challenges in the implementation of electrogenerated chemiluminescence for analytical applications

“…However, recent investigations of homogeneous oxidation of TPrA by a freely diffusing Ir complex demonstrated that this strategy can increase the ECL signal from a microbeads immunoassay, i.e., heterogeneous system by a “redox mediated” pathway (Fig. 6 ) [ 55 , 56 ]. The Ir(III) complex oxidized at the electrode to produce Ir(II) can oxidize the TPrA, which result in the formation of TPrA • , and in addition, it reacts with Ru(bpy) 3 + to generate the excited state of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ with the overall effect of increasing the ECL signal up to 107%.…”

“…The magnetic microbead is represented by the orange sphere while the [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ luminophore and the [Ir(sppy) 3 ] 3− complex are labeled as Ru 2+ and Ir 3− , respectively. Adapted with permission from [ 56 ], Copyright (2024) Royal Society of Chemistry …”

Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy

“…[72] As shown by ECL microscopy of single beads, this approach resulted in a 70.9-fold enhancement of ECL in the bead-based assays upon applying a low potential of 0.9 V. Furthermore, investigation of the ECL reactivity in the presence of redox mediators helped define energetic criteria a mediator should fulfil to enhance the ECL emission, opening prospects for the rational design and synthesis of such mediators. [73] Another approach for enhancing ECL generation involves utilizing gold-coated [74] or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified [75] magnetic beads. The main idea was to extend the ECL emission further from the electrode surface by extending the electrode with conductive materials.…”

Coreactant-Free Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework with Dual Emission for Ratiometric Electrochemiluminescence Detection of HIV DNA

“…Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has been widely used in the field of biological analysis and sensing due to its low background, high sensitivity, simple operation, and great controllability. , In recent years, for eliminating the interference of artificial or environmental factors and improving the accuracy and sensitivity of detection, more and more ratiometric ECL biosensors with dual emissions have been proposed and developed. For instance, Wang’s team developed PDI-CH 3 and g-C 3 N 4 , which emitted ECL at different potentials, and realized the ratio detection of carcinoembryonic antigen .…”