Redox‐initiated vinyl graft copolymerisation onto wool with thiourea as the reductant. II. Fe<sup>3+</sup>‐thiourea co‐catalyst induced graft copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate on wool and modified wool fibres.

Hebeish, A.; Abdel-Fattah, S.; Bendak, A.

doi:10.1002/apmc.1974.050370102

Cited by 47 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Of course, the effect of the enhanced monomer reactivity is increased grafting. A similar assumption has been reported for grafting c e l l~l o s e~~~~~~~~ and wool 28, 29 with MMA. Figure 6 shows data for the homopolymer formed during grafting at the three concentrations studied.…”

Section: Monomer Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 60%

Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methyl methacrylate using dimethylaniline/Cu²⁺ ion system

El‐Rafie

Hebeish

1975

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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synopsisThe ability of dimethylaniline (DMA)/Cu*+ ion initiator to induce grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto nylon 6 was investigated under a variety of conditions. It was found that the graft yield is dependent on the concentration of the Cuz+ ion, of DMA, and of MMA. While the graft yield increases as the monomer concentration increases, there are optimal concentrations of DMA and Cuz+ ion. Below or above these concentrations, lower grafting occurred. The type of cupric salt also affects grafting to varying degrees. While the presence of CuSO, and Cu(NO& accelerates grafting, the presence of CuCL offsets the reaction. Increasing the reaction temperature and reaction time favorably influences grafting. Addition of acetic acid enhances grafting, whereas formic acid decreases grafting. Preswelling of nylon with formic acid leaves the susceptibility of nylon toward grafting practically unaltered. Studies of the copolymerization reaction was not confined to the graft yield but was extended to homopolymer formation and total conversion.

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Section: Monomer Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 60%

Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methyl methacrylate using dimethylaniline/Cu²⁺ ion system

El‐Rafie

Hebeish

1975

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The advantage of TU or N-substituted TU as a redox component with metal ions and peroxides for the initiation of aqueous vinyl polymerizations and graft polymerizations has been demonstrated by other workers [10][11][12]. The graft polymerization of MMA with IC in this study was investigated by using a V C5 -TU redox system by varying the TU concentration from 0.00125 to 0.015 mol/ l.…”

Section: Effect Of Tu Concentration On Graft Yieldmentioning

confidence: 73%

Molecular composites III: Inclusion complexes and graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate by radical initiating systems

Lenka¹,

Nayak²,

Mishra³

et al. 2002

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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°-Cyclodextrin (°-CD) and a rotaxane/ inclusion complexes (IC) of°-CD with a low molecular weight polyisobutylene were graft-polymerized with methyl methacrylate. Quinquevalent vanadium (V 5C / and V 5C-thiourea redox systems in aqueous medium were employed as the radical initiating systems. A signi cant difference in terms of graft yield between IC and°-CD was observed (graft yield was much higher with IC than°-CD alone). Reaction parameters such as initiator, monomer, temperature, and time affected the graft yield.

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“…Abstraction of hydrogen atoms from wool by these hydrogen or hydroxyl radicals results in wool macroradicals which are capable of initiating grafting. 6 Results of this work (Table I) make it evident that with all the solvents used, a significant enhancement in the graft yield is achieved when water is included in the nonaqueous grafting system. Also, grafting increases considerably as the ratio of water in the solvent/water mixture increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Graft polymerization of methacrylate onto wool using dimethylaniline–benzyl chloride mixture as initiator

Bendak¹,

Khalil²,

El‐Rafie³

et al. 1975

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SynopsisGraft polymerization of wool with methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by a dimethylaniline-benzyl chloride (DMA/BC) mixture was extensively studied. The grafting and homopolymerization reactions are influenced by the nature of the solvent used; ethanol proved to be the best. Using water as a cosolvent enhances significantly both graft formation and homopolymerization. A mixture of water/ethanol at a ratio of 90: 10 constitutes the optimal medium for the grafting reaction. Addition of acetic acid or formic acid in low concentration (0.2 mole/].) favors grafting. The opposite holds true for sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. Kinetic investigations showed that the rates of total conversion (R,) and grafting (R,') are dependent of the concentrations of DMA, BC, acetic acid (Ac) and amount of wool (W), as well as temperature. They can be expressed by the following equations: The overall activation energies for the total conversion and grafting reactions amount to 8.5 and 9.0 kcal/mole, respectively; whereas the corresponding energies for initiations E d and Ed' are 7.0 and 8.0 kcal/mole, respectively. The changes in the physical and/or chemical structure of wool via reduction, acetylation, and dinitrophenylation are reflected on the susceptibility of wool toward grafting. While reduced wool showed higher grafting, the graft yields obtained with acetylated and dinitrophenylated wools were quite poor. The alkali solubility of wool graft copolymer was determined and its tendency to felt was examined. Evidences for grafting were provided and a tentative mechanism for grafting initiation was suggested.

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Redox‐initiated vinyl graft copolymerisation onto wool with thiourea as the reductant. II. Fe³⁺‐thiourea co‐catalyst induced graft copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate on wool and modified wool fibres.

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methyl methacrylate using dimethylaniline/Cu²⁺ ion system

Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methyl methacrylate using dimethylaniline/Cu²⁺ ion system

Molecular composites III: Inclusion complexes and graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate by radical initiating systems

Graft polymerization of methacrylate onto wool using dimethylaniline–benzyl chloride mixture as initiator

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Redox‐initiated vinyl graft copolymerisation onto wool with thiourea as the reductant. II. Fe3+‐thiourea co‐catalyst induced graft copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate on wool and modified wool fibres.

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methyl methacrylate using dimethylaniline/Cu2+ ion system

Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methyl methacrylate using dimethylaniline/Cu2+ ion system

Molecular composites III: Inclusion complexes and graft polymerization of methyl methacrylate by radical initiating systems

Graft polymerization of methacrylate onto wool using dimethylaniline–benzyl chloride mixture as initiator

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Redox‐initiated vinyl graft copolymerisation onto wool with thiourea as the reductant. II. Fe³⁺‐thiourea co‐catalyst induced graft copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate on wool and modified wool fibres.

Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methyl methacrylate using dimethylaniline/Cu²⁺ ion system

Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methyl methacrylate using dimethylaniline/Cu²⁺ ion system