Redox Chemistry of Hydric Soils

Vepraskas, M. J.; Faulkner, Stephen P.

doi:10.1201/9781420026238.ch4

Cited by 59 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The pH of the reservoir sediment was higher than the reference samples, which is consistent with reduced conditions (Vepraskas and Faulkner 2001). The process of reduction produces water and removes H+ ions from solution, increasing the pH of soil and making it more alkaline (McBride 1994).…”

Section: Reservoir and Reference Soil Propertiessupporting

confidence: 64%

“…When oxygen is prevented from reaching and entering soil because of continuous saturation in a reservoir environment, reduced conditions develop and soils may become hydric (Vepraskas and Faulkner 2001). Hydric soils can be identified in the field by certain characteristics, such as gleyed color and relatively high pH.…”

Section: Chemical Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions drive the availability of plant nutrients in soil (Vepraskas and Faulkner 2001). Oxidation reactions involve the loss of one or more electrons from an atom, and reduction reactions involve the gain of one or more electrons in the soil.…”

Section: Chemical Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil is considered a reduced environment when these compounds begin to accept electrons (Vepraskas and Faulkner 2001). 1.…”

Section: Chemical Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Development and Vegetation Response to Removal of a Small Dam, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Rohdy

2000

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Dam removal is increasing as dams age, yet little is understood about the pedogenic response to dam removal. This study reports on the edaphic changes of reservoir sediments and vegetation cover one year following removal of a small earthen dam in Northern California. In August 2012, I sampled surface sediments from the former Dream Lake reservoir in Lassen Volcanic National Park, and compared their physical and chemical properties with soil samples from two reference sites. I also estimated percent cover of vegetation in the former reservoir and reference sites. My results show that the reservoir was under reduced conditions, as determined by gleyed soil color and a higher pH when compared to reference samples. In contrast to reservoirs on larger river systems which tend to be sinks for organic matter, Dream Lake showed a reduction in organic matter when compared to reference locations.My results suggest reservoirs created by dams cannot be considered to have similar sediment properties, namely increases in organic material. Unlike other studies that found former impoundments invaded by non-native species, the former Dream Lake site has been colonized by native grasses, sedges, and rushes. This study documents the edaphic properties and vegetation response of a small reservoir one year after dam removal, and suggests a more thorough investigation of those properties prior to undertaking costly restoration of these highly dynamic systems.ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Section: Reservoir and Reference Soil Propertiessupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Chemical Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil is considered a reduced environment when these compounds begin to accept electrons (Vepraskas and Faulkner 2001). 1.…”

Section: Chemical Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Development and Vegetation Response to Removal of a Small Dam, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Rohdy

2000

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“…Each sampling location was instrumented with five platinum-tipped redox electrodes (Vepraskas and Faulkner 2001). To monitor near-surface and surface waters, we installed slotted polyvinyl chloride (PVC) monitoring wells to just above the mineral horizon layer (or to 45 cm depth, where the mineral horizon was deeper than 45 cm), and programmed a water level recorder (Levelogger Gold or Silver, Solinst Instruments, Ontario, Canada) in each well to record pressure and temperature every 15 min.…”

Section: Environmental Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse gas fluxes in southeastern U.S. coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land uses

Morse

Ardón

Bernhardt

2012

Ecological Applications

101

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Abstract.Whether through sea level rise or wetland restoration, agricultural soils in coastal areas will be inundated at increasing rates, renewing connections to sensitive surface waters and raising critical questions about environmental trade-offs. Wetland restoration is often implemented in agricultural catchments to improve water quality through nutrient removal. Yet flooding of soils can also increase production of the greenhouse gases nitrous oxide and methane, representing a potential environmental trade-off. Our study aimed to quantify and compare greenhouse gas emissions from unmanaged and restored forested wetlands, as well as actively managed agricultural fields within the North Carolina coastal plain, USA. In sampling conducted once every two months over a two-year comparative study, we found that soil carbon dioxide flux (range: 8000-64 800 kg CO 2 Áha À1 Áyr À1 ) comprised 66-100% of total greenhouse gas emissions from all sites and that methane emissions (range: À6.87 to 197 kg CH 4 Áha À1 Áyr À1 ) were highest from permanently inundated sites, while nitrous oxide fluxes (range: À1.07 to 139 kg N 2 OÁha À1 Áyr À1 ) were highest in sites with lower water tables. Contrary to predictions, greenhouse gas fluxes (as CO 2 equivalents) from the restored wetland were lower than from either agricultural fields or unmanaged forested wetlands. In these acidic coastal freshwater ecosystems, the conversion of agricultural fields to flooded young forested wetlands did not result in increases in greenhouse gas emissions.

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Soil CO₂concentrations and efflux dynamics of a tree island in the Pantanal wetland

et al. 2017

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The Pantanal is the largest tropical wetland on the planet, and yet little information is available on the biome's carbon cycle. We used an automatic station to measure soil CO2 concentrations and oxidation‐reduction potential over the 2014 and 2015 flood cycles of a tree island in the Pantanal that is immune to inundation during the wetland's annual flooding. The soil CO2 concentration profile was then used to estimate soil CO2 efflux over the two periods. In 2014, subsurface soil saturation at 0.30 m depth created conditions in that layer that led to CO2 buildup close to 200,000 ppm and soil oxidation‐reduction potential below −300 mV, conditions that were not repeated in 2015 due to annual variability in soil saturation at the site. Mean CO2 efflux over the 2015 flood cycle was 0.023 ± 0.103 mg CO2‐C m−2 s−1 representing a total annual efflux of 593 ± 2690 mg CO2‐C m−2 y−1. Unlike a nearby tree island site that experiences full inundation during the wet season, here the soil dried quickly following repeated rain events throughout the year, which led to the release of CO2 pulses from the soil. This study highlights not only the complexity and heterogeneity in the Pantanal's carbon balance based on differences in topography, flood cycles, and vegetation but also the challenges of applying the gradient method in the Pantanal due to deviations from steady state conditions.

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Redox Chemistry of Hydric Soils

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Soil Development and Vegetation Response to Removal of a Small Dam, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Soil Development and Vegetation Response to Removal of a Small Dam, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Greenhouse gas fluxes in southeastern U.S. coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land uses

Soil CO₂concentrations and efflux dynamics of a tree island in the Pantanal wetland

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Redox Chemistry of Hydric Soils

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Soil Development and Vegetation Response to Removal of a Small Dam, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Soil Development and Vegetation Response to Removal of a Small Dam, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Greenhouse gas fluxes in southeastern U.S. coastal plain wetlands under contrasting land uses

Soil CO2concentrations and efflux dynamics of a tree island in the Pantanal wetland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Soil CO₂concentrations and efflux dynamics of a tree island in the Pantanal wetland