Redox and Foaming Behavior of E‐Glass Melts

Faber, Albert; Verheijen, Oscar; Simon, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.1002/9781118405949.ch6

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

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“…SO 2 gases are generated by the SO 3 dissociation reaction: SO 3 (m) → SO 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g), where m and g represent the melt and gas, respectively. 18 The following subsections detail the findings from each type of measurements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six different batches including different SO 3 sources and different total SO 3 amounts were investigated by HTMOS‐EGA according to their CO 2 /CO equilibrium, SO 2 equilibrium, and foam formation. SO 2 gases are generated by the SO 3 dissociation reaction: SO 3 (m) → SO 2 (g) + ½ O 2 (g), where m and g represent the melt and gas, respectively 18 . The following subsections detail the findings from each type of measurements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in situations where the concentration of SO 4 2− in the melt exceed its solubility limit, the sulfate ions have a tendency to precipitate Na 2 SO 4 salt rather than FeSO 4 (although Fe 2+ is also present in the glass network and acts as a network modifier). 30 An oxidized glass melt with higher SO 3 content generates a foam layer for T > 1375 • C, while a more reduced glass with less SO 3 content does not show any foaming up to a maximum temperature of 1500 • C. 18 Due to C/CO and sulfate reactions, it is well-known that more reduced glass (with a higher C/SO 3 ratio in the batch) raises the SO 2 emission at low temperatures. 5,27 Batch-1 and -6 have the same C/SO 3 ratio; nevertheless, in the low temperature region, Batch-6 emits more SO 2 than Batch-1 due to CO evolution from limestone at low temperatures.…”

Section: F I G U R E 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The foaming onset temperature (T p2 s ) can be shifted to higher temperatures >1400 • C by reducing the amount of SO 3 in the batch and using an alternative oxidizing agent. 18 Even though Batches-1 and -6 contain the same amount of SO 3 , Batch-6 has a higher temperature at which foaming begins due to different SO 3 sources (cf. Table 8).…”

Section: F I G U R E 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Limited studies are available about the foaming behavior and mechanism for E-glass compositions. Kim et al 17 studied the foaming of E-glass and determined that limestone has a significant effect on the melt foaming and Faber et al 18 studied the redox and foaming behavior of E-glass melts and established that reduced batches exhibit less melt foaming, yet the mechanism remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive study of melt foaming in E‐glass batch‐to‐melt conversion process: Effects of sulfate content and chemistry of raw materials

Demirok,

Li,

Solak

2024

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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Control of sulfate‐induced melt fining without excessive foaming is one of the critical steps in maintaining the stability of E‐glass fiber manufacturing processes. Besides, the efficiency of combustion or energy utilization is directly affected by the extent of the melt‐foaming. A fundamental understanding of key factors affecting melt foaming under the simulated oxy‐fuel combustion environment will enable commercial E‐glass fiber production to optimize both batch chemistry and operation conditions to achieve adequate furnace control. In this study, six types of E‐glass batches with the same target glass composition were prepared by using four different CaO sources; calcined limes with different SO3 contents, limestone, limestone with sodium sulfate, and a mixture of limestone and calcined lime. All batch samples were examined by HTMOS‐EGA system (high temperature melting observation system with evolved gas analysis). HTMOS enables monitoring batch‐to‐melt conversation steps by using a high‐resolution camera and EGA detects the evolved reaction gaseous, such as CO, CO2, and SO2 via an Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer. Gases of water vapor, N2, and O2 were introduced accordingly into the fused quartz crucible to simulate similar oxy‐fuel atmosphere of the furnace operation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different SO3 contents in batches and different raw material chemistries on the foam formation in E‐glass melts under the oxy‐fuel atmosphere. Different raw materials were characterized by mineralogical analysis, chemical analysis, particle size distribution, chemical oxygen demanding (COD) level, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Although some of the batches contained the same SO3 content, different foam formations resulted from the effect of the batch chemistry. Our detailed HTMOS‐EGA investigations show that not only SO3 content in the batch affects foam formation in E‐glass melts, but also raw material chemistry and particle size have strong effects on the melt foaming in E‐glass batch melting, especially for those of ingredients having hydroxide phases and/or finer particles with higher specific areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%