Redox‐Active Monolayers as a Versatile Platform for Integrating Boolean Logic Gates

Gupta, Tarkeshwar; Boom, Milko E. van der

doi:10.1002/anie.200800830

Cited by 164 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives [9][10][11][12] with multi-state switching and multi-responsive properties are ideal candidates for molecular logic storage. Hitherto, a large number of chemical or biological systems performing versatile functions of digital electronic components [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] have been demonstrated in nanoscale spaces or in vivo. However, the utilization of either the stable aggregated or the monomeric conformational species, which are generated by reversible supramolecular assembly and disassembly behavior as addressed media of data storage and logic calculations, is rarely reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Address-crossing digital information processing on a self-aggregatable cyclodextrin derivative based nanosystem

et al. 2009

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A novel pH-responsive and photo-isomerizing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative DACD was synthesized and fully characterized by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and HRMS. At room temperature, this compound would self-assemble to layer aggregations in an aqueous environment. The aggregated state can reversibly switch to a monomeric solution state attributed to the hydrophobic competition of an additional substance to the β-CD cavity. This self-aggregatable cyclodextrin derivative based nanosystem functioned by switching between the aggregated and monomeric state. An effective address-crossing digital information system, in response to pH and UV stimuli, was demonstrated based on such mechanism. This chemical system, capable of data memories and logic functions in nanoscale, can mimic the functions of pointer-based data processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Address-crossing digital information processing on a self-aggregatable cyclodextrin derivative based nanosystem

et al. 2009

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“…The output signals generated by the chemical switchable systems are usually read by optical methods: UV-vis or fluorescence spectroscopies or by electrochemical means: current or potential generated at electrodes or in field-effect transistors. Association of chemical logic systems with electrode interfaces [34] or nanowires [35] resulted in electronic devices with implemented molecular logic performing on-chip data processing functions for lab-on-a-chip devices [36].…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Information Processing: From Single Molecules to Supramolecular Systems and Interfaces – from Algorithms to Devices – Editorial Introduction

Katz¹,

Bocharova²

2012

Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing

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Fast development of electronic computers with continuous progress [1] resulting in doubling their complexity every two years was formulated as the Moore's law in 1965 [2] (Figure 1.1). However, because of reaching physical limits for miniaturization of computing elements [3], the end of this exponential growth is expected soon. Economic [4] and fundamental physical problems (including limits placed on the miniaturization by quantum tunneling [5] and by the universal light speed [6]), which cannot be overcome in the frame of the existing paradigm, abolish all forms of future sophistication of computing systems. The inevitably expected limit to the development of the computer technology based on silicon electronics motivates various directions in unconventional computing [7] ranging from quantum computing [8], which aspires to achieve significant speedup over the conventional electronic computers for some problems, to biomolecular computing with a ''soup'' of biochemical reactions inspired by biology and usually represented by DNA-based computing [9].Chemical computing, as a research subarea of unconventional computing, aims at using molecular or supramolecular systems to perform various computing operations that mimic processes typical of electronic computing devices [7]. Chemical reactions observed as changes of bulk material properties or structural reorganizations at the level of single molecules can be described in terms of information processing language, thus allowing for formulation of chemical processes as computing operations rather than traditional chemical transformations.The idea of using chemical transformations for information processing originated from the concept of ''artificial life'' as early as in 1970s, when artificial molecular machines were inspired by chemistry and brought to computer science [10]. Theoretical background for implementing logic gates and finite-state machines based on chemical flow systems and bistable reactions was developed in 1980s and 1990s [11], including application of chemical computing to solving a hard-to-solve problem of propositional satisfiability [12]. However, the practical realization of the theoretical concepts came later when already known Belousov-Zhabotinsky chemical oscillating systems [13] (Figure 1.2) were applied for experimental design of logic gates [14]. Extensive research in the area of reaction-diffusion computing systems [15] resulted in the formulation of conceptually novel circuits performing Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing: From Molecular Switches to Logic Systems, First Edition. Edited by Evgeny Katz.

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“…The response of these systems to additional chemical triggers, as well as to electrochemical and light triggers, has been demonstrated quite frequently [3][4][5][6][7]. Interestingly, many of the recently described logic operations, and also the more complex arithmetic units, were designed based on pursuing dynamic processes instead of simple binding to one operating molecule [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Beyond the basic demonstrations, scientists were able to exploit their new gates as smart devices that control various applications such as catalysis, sensing analytes, drug delivery, and even in vivo transcription.…”

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confidence: 99%

Peptide‐Based Computation: Switches, Gates, and Simple Arithmetic

Dadon

Samiappan

Wagner

et al. 2012

Biomolecular Information Processing

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IntroductionBoolean algebra deals with the ''0'' and ''1'' values, utilized as presentations of false and true statements, respectively. The Boolean logic thus provides simple and concise means to describe the output of chemical processes that depend on more than one factor. Historically, the study of chemical logic gates has started with the design of small organic molecules that perform the desired functions when triggered by simple entities such as protons, hydroxyls, or metal ions [1,2]. Since the first demonstration by de Silva, many different chemical logic systems were developed, including metal-organic complexes, peptides, and DNA. The response of these systems to additional chemical triggers, as well as to electrochemical and light triggers, has been demonstrated quite frequently [3][4][5][6][7]. Interestingly, many of the recently described logic operations, and also the more complex arithmetic units, were designed based on pursuing dynamic processes instead of simple binding to one operating molecule [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Beyond the basic demonstrations, scientists were able to exploit their new gates as smart devices that control various applications such as catalysis, sensing analytes, drug delivery, and even in vivo transcription. In a related line of research, modules of large biochemical systems have also been described to function as Boolean entities, in studies that used the ''top-down'' screening for such operations [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. This chapter describes primarily our own research, in which we use synthetic networks made of small proteins as tools for performing chemical computations. We do so by practicing both the bottom-up approach, using individual molecules as gates, and the top-down approach, for which the entire molecular network is used to perform the desired functionality.Biology can serve as inspiration and can provide chemists with the design principles for engineering networks of interacting and replicating molecules. These can potentially be used as controllable tools for studying systems behavior. Toward this aim, different research groups have designed and characterized dynamic combinatorial libraries [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] and replication networks made of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) [39][40][41][42], peptides [43][44][45][46], and small organic molecules [47][48][49][50].

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Redox‐Active Monolayers as a Versatile Platform for Integrating Boolean Logic Gates

Cited by 164 publications

References 57 publications

Address-crossing digital information processing on a self-aggregatable cyclodextrin derivative based nanosystem

Address-crossing digital information processing on a self-aggregatable cyclodextrin derivative based nanosystem

Molecular Information Processing: From Single Molecules to Supramolecular Systems and Interfaces – from Algorithms to Devices – Editorial Introduction

Peptide‐Based Computation: Switches, Gates, and Simple Arithmetic

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