“…As a result, numerous compounds based on decavanadate and cationic organic ligands have been published in recent years, which have been shown to lower blood sugar levels ( Garcia-Vicente et al, 2007 ; Treviño et al, 2015 ; Treviño et al, 2018 ; Treviño and González-Vergara, 2019 ), induce neuronal and cognitive restoration mechanisms while treating metabolic syndrome ( Diaz et al, 2021 ), and inhibit the growth of protozoan parasites ( Li et al, 2010 ; Silva-Nolasco et al, 2020 ). The cytotoxic or differentiating activity of oxidovanadium complexes with organic ligands against various cancer cell types is well known ( Kioseoglou et al, 2015 ; Crans et al, 2018 ; Crans et al, 2019 ; Redher, 2020 ; Samart et al, 2020 ; Macedo Alves de Lima et al, 2021 ; Pessoa et al, 2021 ). However, their limited use in clinical trials is due to concerns about long-term toxicity caused by a lack of data, as well as complex speciation (ligand exchange and redox processes).…”