Redirection of metabolism in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, following envenomation by the ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis and correlation of metabolic effects with the diapause status of the host

Rivers, David; Denlinger, David L.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(94)90044-2

Cited by 90 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This suggests that there is a sizeable reduction of sub strate turnover (and hence ATP production) in crickets harboring O. ochracea larvae-unsurprising given the consumption of host tissue by these parasitoids (Adamo et al 1995a)-and that this cost may be responsible for the decline in reproductive effort seen in infected male crickets (Kolluru et al 2002). This is at least partly consistent with other studies of parasitoid effects on host metabolism (Dahlman and Herald 1971;Alleyne et al 1997;Rivers and Denlinger 1994). However, such stud ies almost exclusively involve hymenopteran parasitoids, which differ markedly from tachinids because they en venomate (and in some cases paralyze) their hosts (Godfray 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Parasitoid reproductive success is dependent on host traits such as body size and the number and size of competing parasites (Speirs et al 1991;Rivers and Denlinger 1994;Hunt and Allen 2000). Despite the ad verse effects of superparasitism (presence of multiple clutches within one host) on O. ochracea (Adamo et al 1995b), these flies do not avoid previously infected hosts (Adamo et al 1995b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in metabolic rates in field crickets and their dipteran parasitoids

2004

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Sex differences in metabolic rate (MR) can result from dimorphism in the performance of energet ically demanding activities. Male crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) engage in costly calling and aggressive activity not performed by females. Consistent with this differ ence, we found higher maximal MR, factorial scope, and fat content in males than females. T. oceanicus song is also costly because it attracts the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea. Parasitized crickets had reduced maximal MR consistent with a metabolic cost to harboring larvae. This cost was greater for females, either because females invest more heavily into reproduction at the expense of metabolic capacity, or because males are under stronger selection to respond to infection. Little is known about O. ochracea outside of its auditory system and parasitic lifestyle. We observed greater resting MR in male flies, possibly reflecting a sex difference in the requirement for metabolic power output, because male flies perform potentially costly mating behavior not seen in females. We found a positive relationship between larval density within a cricket and pupal resting MR, suggesting that crickets in good condition are able to both harbor more larvae and produce larvae with higher resting MR. These results reveal a complex interplay between the metabolism of crickets and their fly parasitoids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in metabolic rates in field crickets and their dipteran parasitoids

2004

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“…Glycerol content within the whole body of the mosquitoes was determined using a free glycerol assay (Sigma Chemical Co., FG0100) (Rivers and Denlinger, 1993;Yoder et al, 2006). First, groups of five adult mosquitoes were homogenized in 25·mmol·l -1 sodium phosphate (pH·7.4) and centrifuged at 12·000·g for 10·min to remove insoluble insect debris.…”

Section: Polyol and Sugar Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of water loss during adult diapause in the northern house mosquito,Culex pipiens

Benoit

Denlinger

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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123

113

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SUMMARY One of the major challenges of overwintering in the mosquito, Culex pipiens, is prevention of dehydration. In this study, we compare the water balance requirements of nondiapausing and diapausing adult females of C. pipiens. Although their percentage water content is lower, diapausing females contain both higher initial and dry masses than nondiapausing individuals. Both nondiapausing and diapausing females tolerate a loss of up to 40% of their water mass before dying, but diapausing female C. pipiens reach this point after a longer period due to their lower rate of water loss. Males, which do not overwinter in diapause,showed no differences in their water balance characteristics when reared under diapausing or nondiapausing conditions. Likewise, no changes were noted in the water balance of pupae, indicating that diapause-related changes do not occur prior to adult eclosion. This mosquito does not replenish internal water stores by generating metabolic water or by absorbing vapor from the atmosphere, but instead relies on drinking liquid water (or blood feeding in the case of nondiapausing females). The critical transition temperature, a point where water loss increases rapidly with temperature, was the highest for females, then males, then pupae, but was not influenced by the diapause program. Females in diapause did not utilize common polyols (glycerol,trehalose and sorbitol) to retain water, but instead the presence of twice the amount of cuticular hydrocarbons in diapausing compared with nondiapausing females suggests that the deposition of hydrocarbons contribute to the reduced rates of water loss. The laboratory results were also verified in field-collected specimens: mosquitoes in the late fall and winter had a lower percentage water content and water loss rate, higher initial mass, dry mass and more cuticular hydrocarbons than individuals collected during the summer. Thus, the major features of diapause that contribute to the suppression of water loss are the large size of diapausing females (reduction of surface area to volume ratio lowers cuticular water loss), their low metabolic rate and the deposition of extra cuticular hydrocarbons.

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“…Adult females possess a well-developed venom system, which produces a complex, proteinaceous venom (Rivers et al, 2006) in the acid gland, and which is stored in active form within a single, cuticular-lined reservoir King, 1967, 1969). Venom inhibits host cellular immune responses (Rivers et al, 2002a), depresses respiratory metabolism (Rivers and Denlinger, 1994b), triggers increases in lipid levels within hemolymph and fat body (Rivers and Denlinger, 1995;Rivers et al, 1998), and ultimately induces death. At the cellular level, venom induces bleb formation, cellular swelling, and condensation of nuclear material, events which lead to death attributed to cell lysis (Rivers et al, 1999b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of phenoloxidase activity in venom from the ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Abt

Rivers

2007

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Redirection of metabolism in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata, following envenomation by the ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis and correlation of metabolic effects with the diapause status of the host

Cited by 90 publications

References 40 publications

Sex differences in metabolic rates in field crickets and their dipteran parasitoids

Sex differences in metabolic rates in field crickets and their dipteran parasitoids

Suppression of water loss during adult diapause in the northern house mosquito,Culex pipiens

Characterization of phenoloxidase activity in venom from the ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

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