Redescriptions of Haemonchus mitchelli and Haemonchus okapiae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) and Description of a Unique Synlophe for the Haemonchinae

Lichtenfels, J. R.; Pilitt, P. A.; Gibbons, Lynda M.; Hoberg, Eric P.

doi:10.2307/3285537

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Initial development of reliable means for the morphological identification of species and primarily limited to parasites circulating in domesticated hosts emerged through studies of the synlophe. Criteria for identification included the pattern of cuticular ridges, their numbers, and the extent or distribution on the body of male and female nematodes as revealed in cross-section or in examination of whole mounted specimens (Durette-Desset, 1983;Lichtenfels and Pilitt, 2000;Lichtenfels et al, 1986Lichtenfels et al, , 1994Lichtenfels et al, , 2002. For example, transverse sections at the level of the esophagealeintestinal junction reveal the presence of 30 ridges in H. contortus and 34 in H. placei (Lichtenfels et al, 2002).…”

Section: Identification Of Adult Wormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Criteria for identification included the pattern of cuticular ridges, their numbers, and the extent or distribution on the body of male and female nematodes as revealed in cross-section or in examination of whole mounted specimens (Durette-Desset, 1983;Lichtenfels and Pilitt, 2000;Lichtenfels et al, 1986Lichtenfels et al, , 1994Lichtenfels et al, , 2002. For example, transverse sections at the level of the esophagealeintestinal junction reveal the presence of 30 ridges in H. contortus and 34 in H. placei (Lichtenfels et al, 2002). Specific patterns of distribution for ridges in the subventral and sublateral fields in the esophageal region of the body of adult nematodes are diagnostic, and provide a capacity for robust identification of individual males and females (Hoberg et al, 2002;Lichtenfels et al, 1994Lichtenfels et al, , 2001Lichtenfels et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Identification Of Adult Wormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, transverse sections at the level of the esophagealeintestinal junction reveal the presence of 30 ridges in H. contortus and 34 in H. placei (Lichtenfels et al, 2002). Specific patterns of distribution for ridges in the subventral and sublateral fields in the esophageal region of the body of adult nematodes are diagnostic, and provide a capacity for robust identification of individual males and females (Hoberg et al, 2002;Lichtenfels et al, 1994Lichtenfels et al, , 2001Lichtenfels et al, , 2002. Concurrently, morphometric protocols linked to discriminant analysis for spicules provided an alternative means for rapid identification; however, such protocols are limited to males of H. contortus and other species in domesticated ruminants (Jacquiet et al, 1997).…”

Section: Identification Of Adult Wormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Identification of Haemonchus Species and Diagnosis of Haemonchosis

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2016

Haemonchus Contortus and Haemonchosis – Past, Present and Future Trends

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Diagnosis is often equated with identification or detection when discussing parasitic diseases. Unfortunately, these are not necessarily mutually exclusive activities; diseases and infections are generally diagnosed and organisms are identified. Diagnosis is commonly predicated upon some clinical signs; in an effort to determine the causative agent, identification of genera and species is subsequently performed. Both identification and diagnosis play critical roles in managing an infection, and involve the interplay of direct and indirect methods of detection, particularly in light of the complex and expanding problem of drug-resistance in parasites. Accurate and authoritative identification that is cost- and time-effective, based on structural and molecular attributes of specimens, provides a foundation for defining parasite diversity and changing patterns of geographical distribution, host association and emergence of disease. Most techniques developed thus far have been grounded in assumptions based on strict host associations between Haemonchus contortus and small ruminants, that is, sheep and goats, and between Haemonchus placei and bovids. Current research and increasing empirical evidence of natural infections in the field demonstrates that this assumption misrepresents the host associations for these species of Haemonchus. Furthermore, the capacity of H. contortus to utilize a considerably broad spectrum of ungulate hosts is reflected in our understanding of the role of anthropogenic forcing, the 'breakdown' of ecological isolation, global introduction and host switching as determinants of distribution. Nuanced insights about distribution, host association and epidemiology have emerged over the past 30years, coincidently with the development of increasingly robust means for parasite identification. In this review and for the sake of argument, we would like to delineate the diagnosis of haemonchosis from the identification of the specific pathogen. As a foundation for exploring host and parasite biology, we will examine the evolution of methods for distinguishing H. contortus from other common gastrointestinal nematodes of agriculturally significant and free-ranging wild ruminants using morphological, molecular and/or immunological methods for studies at the species and genus levels.

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