Redescription of a Nearly Complete Skull of<i>Plateosaurus</i>(Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Trossingen (Germany)

Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Norell, Mark A.

doi:10.1206/3727.2

Cited by 55 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In contrast, non‐sauropodan sauropodomorphs, with the exception of Plateosaurus (e.g. Prieto‐Márquez & Norell ; but see Galton ), exhibit a pair of foramina resulting from the division of the metotic foramen (Bronzati & Rauhut ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid transformation in the braincase of sauropod dinosaurs: integrated evolution of the braincase and neck in early sauropods?

2017

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Sauropod dinosaurs were quadrupedal herbivores with a highly specialized body plan that attained the largest masses of any terrestrial vertebrates. Recent discoveries have shown that key traits associated with sauropod gigantism appeared stepwise during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic in evolutionary ‘cascades’ of associated changes, in which a ‘head and neck’ cascade has been suggested as an important module. Here, we investigate the evolutionary transformation of the sauropodomorph braincase, using discrete anatomical characters, prompted by the reanalysis of a Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) sauropodiform braincase from England. Our analysis shows that sauropod braincases are highly distinct, and occupy a different region of morphospace than their evolutionary relatives. This resulted from anatomical transformations including a set of changes in the surface attachments of craniocervical musculature, which may indicate integrated evolution between neck elongation and transformation in braincase anatomy. Neck elongation in Late Triassic and Early or Middle Jurassic taxa is potentially associated with episodes of skull reduction, indicating that the ‘head and neck’ cascade was activated more than once in the evolutionary history of Sauropodomorpha. The re‐activation of this cascade in the Jurassic may have impacted on the differential survival of sauropodomorph lineages through the Early and Middle Jurassic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid transformation in the braincase of sauropod dinosaurs: integrated evolution of the braincase and neck in early sauropods?

2017

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“…Laterally, it contacts the dorsal process of the postorbital. The main body of the parietal contributes to the supratemporal fossa that is deeply excavated laterally, as in Plateosaurus (AMNH FARB 6810; Prieto‐Márquez and Norell, ), Lufengosaurus (Barrett et al, ), and Yizhousaurus (Zhang et al, ), and this fossa is located right on the frontal–parietal suture. The caudolateral process forms the caudal margin of the supratemporal fenestra.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). This flange was described as "medial lamina" by Barrett et al (2005) and is also present in Lufengosaurus (Barrett et al, 2005), Coloradisaurus (Apaldetti et al, 2014), Massospondylus (BP/1/5241; Chapelle and Choiniere, 2018), Adeopapposaurus (PVSJ610; Martínez, 2009), andPlateosaurus (Prieto-Márquez andNorell, 2011), but absent in Yunnanosaurus (Barrett et al, 2007) and Jingshanosaurus (Zhang and Yang, 1995); however, the lamina in Xingxiulong seems to be longitudinally shorter than those in other nonsauropodan sauropodomorphs. The shaft ventral to the lamina is constricted, whereupon it expands again toward its ventral termination.…”

Section: Results Craniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranium and Vertebral Column of Xingxiulong chengi (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Early Jurassic of China

Wang

Yang

et al. 2019

The Anatomical Record

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The Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation in Yunnan Province of southwestern China provides one of the most abundant records of sauropodomorphs in the world. However, most of them have not been fully described. Xingxiulong chengi is among the most complete non‐sauropodan sauropodomorphs ever discovered from Lufeng Formation and is represented by three partial skeletons. Here, we provide a detailed osteological description of its axial skeleton, including both the cranial and postcranial elements, and compare its anatomy with that of other known non‐sauropodan sauropodomorphs. In general, the cranium of Xingxiulong is more similar to those of more basal sauropodomorphs than to sauropodiforms, as evidenced by features such as an only slightly concave dorsal margin of the postorbital, a caudally placed rostral margin of the infratemporal fenestra not extending below the orbit, and long and slender basipterygoid processes divergent from each other at an angle of approximately 80 degrees. However, its postcranial axial skeleton possesses some unique or relatively derived features among basal sauropodomorphs, such as four sacral vertebrae and caudal dorsal vertebrae with laterally expanded neural spine tables. This provides future workers with a reassessment of non‐sauropodan sauropodomorphs through the lens of Xingxiulong chengi, which will serve to increase our knowledge on the anatomy, phylogeny, and furthermore, evolution of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Anat Rec, 303:772–789, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy

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“…A; Sereno et al, ), as well as in Triassic theropods such as Coelophysis (Fig. D; Colbert, ), Daemonosaurus (Sues et al, ) and Tawa (Nesbitt et al, ) and numerous Triassic sauropodomorphs such as Pantydraco (Galton and Kermack, 2010), Pampadromaeus (Cabreira et al, ), Plateosaurus (Prieto‐Márquez and Norell, ), Unaysaurus (Leal et al, ) and Coloradisaurus (Apaldetti et al, ). Jurassic taxa of similarly basal grade, such as the theropod Panguraptor (You et al, ) and the sauropodomorph Lufengosaurus (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Diversity and Evolution of the Jugal in Dinosaurs

Sullivan

2016

The Anatomical Record

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In dinosaurs, as in other reptiles, the homologue of the mammalian zygomatic bone is the jugal. The dinosaurian jugal was primitively triradiate, with posterior, dorsal and anterior processes that respectively contacted the quadratojugal, the postorbital, and the maxilla and lacrimal. However, the jugal evolved along different lines in the three major dinosaurian clades. In theropods this cranial element remained relatively conservative in morphology, apart from being reduced to a rod-like structure in most birds and a few non-avians. In sauropodomorphs the jugal eventually became small, plate-like and nearly restricted to the area below the orbit, even being excluded from the ventral margin of the skull in many derived taxa. Among ornithischians the jugal was highly variable, but in many cases became large and/or adorned with ornamental features such as horns, flanges, and rugosities. The jugal does not appear to have been a site of muscle attachment in most non-avian dinosaurs, but represented an important structural element in the akinetic dinosaurian skull. The conspicuous jugal ornaments seen in many ornithischian dinosaurs, like the less striking ones documented in some saurischians, may have played an important role in the social behavior of the species that possessed them. In many cases they have a weapon-like aspect suggesting use in aggressive displays, if not actual combat, adding to the evidence that agonistic behavior was likely widespread among ornithischians in particular. Anat Rec,

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Redescription of a Nearly Complete Skull ofPlateosaurus(Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Trossingen (Germany)

Cited by 55 publications

References 39 publications

Rapid transformation in the braincase of sauropod dinosaurs: integrated evolution of the braincase and neck in early sauropods?

Rapid transformation in the braincase of sauropod dinosaurs: integrated evolution of the braincase and neck in early sauropods?

Cranium and Vertebral Column of Xingxiulong chengi (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Early Jurassic of China

Morphological Diversity and Evolution of the Jugal in Dinosaurs

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