Redescription and molecular characterisation of the fish parasitic isopod<i>Norileca indica</i>(Milne Edwards, 1840) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) with a key to the genus

Wal, Serita van der; Smit, Nico J.; Hadfield, Kerry A.

doi:10.1080/15627020.2017.1382389

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3c). Gill-attaching species have highly similar P 7 morphologies but Norileca indica has a P 1 morphology distinct from the other gill-attaching species, perhaps due to its unusual attachment orientation on the ventral side of the operculum, facing anteriorly [47]. Most gill-attaching species are found anchored to the gill filaments with their dorsal side facing the operculum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hooked on you: shape of attachment structures in cymothoid isopods reflects parasitic strategy

et al. 2019

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Background: Parasite attachment structures are critical traits that influence effective host exploitation and survival. Morphology of attachment structures can reinforce host specificity and niche specialisation, or even enable host switching. Therefore, it is important to understand the determinants of variation in attachment structures. Cymothoid isopods are striking ectoparasites of fishes that include the infamous 'tongue-biters.' They are known to parasitise hosts in one of four qualitatively distinct anatomical regions. Here, we quantify variation in cymothoid attachment structures-hook-like appendages called dactyli-and test whether differences in dactylus shape are correlated with parasite mode (where they attach), allometry, or both, using multivariate ordinary least squares regression. We also assess the influence of shared ancestry on shape using a molecular phylogeny to weight our models using phylogenetic generalised least squares regression. Results: We find clear differences in shape between externally-attaching and internally-attaching cymothoids but also between anterior and posterior dactyli across various species with the same attachment mode. Allometric effects are significant for anterior but not posterior dactyli. Mouth-attaching species show greater shape variability than gilland mouth-attaching species. We find no evidence that there are clade-specific patterns of association between parasite mode and dactylus shape. Conclusions: Parasite mode appears to be the main driver of attachment morphology. This likely reflects several components of parasite ecology including feeding and functional demands of attachment in different microhabitats. Geometric morphometric approaches to the quantification of shape variation of simple structures is an effective tool that provides new insights into the evolvability of parasite attachment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hooked on you: shape of attachment structures in cymothoid isopods reflects parasitic strategy

et al. 2019

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“…The Cymothoidae was one of the first isopod families to be described and many of the original descriptions for species described in the 1800s are too brief to properly delimit species, and in some instances the type material may be lost. In recent decades, a large number of species have been redescribed and questions surrounding generic classifications have mostly been resolved, (Trilles, 1976;Bruce, 1986Bruce, , 1987aBruce, ,b,c, 1990Smith et al, 2014;van der Wal et al, 2017), but uncertainties surrounding the taxonomic status of a number of important species remain. One major uncertainty pertains to the validity and identity of Livoneca ovalis Say 1818 and its relationship to L. redmanii.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and morphological confirmation of an invasive American isopod; Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818, from the Mediterranean region to Lake Qaroun, Egypt

Mohammed-Geba¹,

Sheir²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2019

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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In 2015, unknown cymothoid isopod parasites were found in Lake Qaroun, a high-salinity closed inland lake in north-central Egypt, which were linked to substantial fish mortalities. The parasites infected a wide range of commercially important fish hosts, including Redbelly tilapia, Tilapia zillii, European Seabass , Dicentrarchus labrax, Common Sole, Solea solea, and mullets Mugil spp. and Liza spp., and continue to present a threat to local fisheries. A number of recent publications (in aggregate) have suggested this introduction reflected a near simultaneous introduction of up to four cymothoid species in Lake Qaroun; however, many of the provided photographs and illustrations were incorrect at the generic and species level. Cymothoid isopod samples were collected from Shakshouk village on Lake Qaroun. An integrative taxonomic approach was applied in the current study, incorporating traditional taxonomic analysis and DNA barcoding through mitochondrial COI gene sequencing, as well as genetic phylogenies to delimit isopods collected in Lake Qaroun. All isopods examined were identified as Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818, an estuarine-marine species native to the western Atlantic. These samples were genetically and phylogenetically identical to their counterparts collected from Chesapeake Bay in the East of the USA. This species was characterized by pigmentation on cephalon, pereonites, pleonites, telson, pereopods and slightly bent to the left. A review of the recent literature of cymothoids in Lake Qaroun and adjacent marine areas concluded that the majority of individuals identified as species other than L. redmanii were actually L. redmanii, or unidentifiable juvenile cymothoids, with the exception of a juvenile Anilocra sp.. Likewise, L. redmanii is also present in eastern Mediterranean and Suez Canal. The likely introduced vector into Lake Qaroun are fish stockings originating from the Mediterranean Sea and River Nile estuary (as is surmised with the introduced American ctenophore species, Mnemiopsis leidyi). This information can help fishery managers better understand parasite-host dynamics in Lake Qaroun and develop biocontrol strategies to mitigate its impact in Lake Qaroun and limit its spread among adjacent lacustrine, estuarine and coastal systems.

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“…The South African cymothoid fauna had remained little studied, with only 12 species in seven genera reported (Kensley 1978) until the recent revisions of Hadfield et al (2010, 2013, 2014a, 2014b, 2015; Hadfield and Smit 2017), Van der Wal et al (2017, 2019), and Welicky and Smit (2019), now with 21 species in eight genera. The major taxa remaining to be revised are the externally attaching genera Nerocila and Renocila , both of which have numerous unreported species in the Western Indian Ocean region (pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new genus and species of fish parasitic cymothoid (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa, with a key to the externally attaching genera of Cymothoidae

Bruce¹,

Welicky²,

Hadfield³

et al. 2019

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Bambalocra intwalagen. et sp. nov. is described from Sodwana Bay, north-eastern South Africa. The monotypic genus is characterised by the broadly truncate anterior margin of the head with a ventral rostrum, coxae 2–5 being ventral in position not forming part of the body outline and not or barely visible in dorsal view, and the posterolateral margins of pereonites 6 and 7 are posteriorly produced and broadly rounded. The antennulae bases are widely separated, with both antennula and antenna slender. The species is known only from the type locality and the known hosts are species of Pomacanthidae (Angelfish). A revised key to the externally attaching genera of Cymothoidae is provided.

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Redescription and molecular characterisation of the fish parasitic isopodNorileca indica(Milne Edwards, 1840) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoidae) with a key to the genus

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Hooked on you: shape of attachment structures in cymothoid isopods reflects parasitic strategy

Hooked on you: shape of attachment structures in cymothoid isopods reflects parasitic strategy

Molecular and morphological confirmation of an invasive American isopod; Livoneca redmanii Leach, 1818, from the Mediterranean region to Lake Qaroun, Egypt

A new genus and species of fish parasitic cymothoid (Crustacea, Isopoda) from the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa, with a key to the externally attaching genera of Cymothoidae

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