Redefinition and Generic Revision of the North American Vaejovid Scorpion Subfamily Syntropinae Kraepelin, 1905, with Descriptions of Six New Genera

González‐Santillán, Edmundo; Prendini, Lorenzo

doi:10.1206/830.1

Cited by 780 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…(b) A single origin of katoikogenic development Convergent evolution induced by adaptations to substrate type is prevalent in many lineages of scorpions, possibly driving homoplasy in many characters drawn from external morphology [67,68]. Internal morphology may be less prone to homoplasy that stems from adaptation to substrate, and thus may be more informative at the higher taxonomic levels, as exemplified by mode of embryonic development (electronic supplementary material, figure S25 and table S3).…”

Section: Discussion (A) a Robust Hypothesis Of Scorpion Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic resolution of scorpions reveals multilevel discordance with morphological phylogenetic signal

Sharma

Fernández

Esposito³

et al. 2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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113

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Scorpions represent an iconic lineage of arthropods, historically renowned for their unique bauplan, ancient fossil record and venom potency. Yet, higher level relationships of scorpions, based exclusively on morphology, remain virtually untested, and no multilocus molecular phylogeny has been deployed heretofore towards assessing the basal tree topology. We applied a phylogenomic assessment to resolve scorpion phylogeny, for the first time, to our knowledge, sampling extensive molecular sequence data from all superfamilies and examining basal relationships with up to 5025 genes. Analyses of supermatrices as well as species tree approaches converged upon a robust basal topology of scorpions that is entirely at odds with traditional systematics and controverts previous understanding of scorpion evolutionary history. All analyses unanimously support a single origin of katoikogenic development, a form of parental investment wherein embryos are nurtured by direct connections to the parent's digestive system. Based on the phylogeny obtained herein, we propose the following systematic emendations: Caraboctonidae is transferred to Chactoidea new superfamilial assignment; superfamily Bothriuroidea revalidated is resurrected and Bothriuridae transferred therein; and Chaerilida and Pseudochactida are synonymized with Buthida new parvordinal synonymies."All scorpions look generally alike." Gary Allan Polis (1990)

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Section: Discussion (A) a Robust Hypothesis Of Scorpion Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic resolution of scorpions reveals multilevel discordance with morphological phylogenetic signal

Sharma

Fernández

Esposito³

et al. 2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

Self Cite

113

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“…Platnick, 2000;Ramirez, 2014) and, more recently, scorpion literature (e.g., Acosta et al, 2008;González-Santillán and Prendini, 2013) pertaining to the pedipalps and legs, the lateral surfaces of which face forward (pro-) or backward (retro-). The chelicerae, pedipalps and walking legs are accepted as serial homologs in chelicerates (Boxshall, 2013).…”

Section: Terminology and Conventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey

Bird¹,

Wharton²,

Prendini³

2015

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

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CHELICERAL MORPHOLOGY OF SOLIFUGAE (ARACHNIDA): PRIMARY HOMOLOGY, TERMINOLOGY, AND CHARACTER SURVEYArachnids of the order Solifugae (solifuges, false spiders, sunspiders, camelspiders, Walzenspinne, windspiders) possess the largest jaws for body size in the Chelicerata. The chelicerae provide the most important character systems for solifuge systematics, including dentition and the male flagellum, both used extensively in species delimitation and diagnosis.However, the terminology used for cheliceral characters is unstandardized and often contradictory, in part because it fails to represent homologous structures among taxa. Misinterpretation of character homology may introduce errors in phylogenetic analysesconcerning relationships within Solifugae and among the orders of Chelicerata. This contribution presents the first comprehensive analysis of cheliceral morphology across the order Solifugae, the aims of which were to provide a broad survey of cheliceral characters for solifuge systematics, to identify and reinterpret structures based on primary homology, revise the terminology to be consistent with homology hypotheses, and provide a guide to synonyms of terminology and character interpretations in the literature. Chelicerae were studied in 188 exemplar species (17 % of the total), representing all twelve solifuge families, 17 of the 19 subfamilies, 64 genera (46 % of the total), and the full range of variation in cheliceral morphology across the order. In total, 157 species representing 49 genera and 17 subfamilies are illustrated. Hypotheses of character transformation, particularly concerning the male flagellum, and a standardized terminology, are presented. The functional morphology of the chelicerae is iii discussed and the role of sexually dimorphic modifications to the male chelicerae in mating behavior emphasized. The revised terminology, based on hypotheses of primary homology, will facilitate solifuge revisionary systematics and provide a stronger basis for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within the order and evaluating its position within Chelicerata.

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“…ECOLOGY: Specimens for which habitat data are available were mostly collected under stones and other debris, often in areas with a dense layer of leaf litter (Armas and Martín-Frías, 2001;Gonzá lez-Santillá n, 2004), suggesting a requirement for high relative humidity (Gonzá lez-Santillá n and Prendini, 2013). The very small size and cryptic coloration of these scorpions, taken together with available habitat data, are consistent with the humicolous and lapidicolous ecomorphotypes (Prendini, 2001).…”

Section: Distribution: Konetontli Is Restricted Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The very small size, cryptic coloration, and apparently seasonal surface activity (Williams, 1986;Gonzá lez-Santillá n, 2004) of these scorpions may explain their rarity in collections and it is likely that more undescribed species await discovery. In the present contribution, we describe four new species (Konetontli ignes, sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Revision of the North American Syntropine Vaejovid Scorpions With a Subaculear Tubercle,KonetontliGonzález-Santillán and Prendini, 2013

González‐Santillán¹,

Prendini²

2015

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

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Redefinition and Generic Revision of the North American Vaejovid Scorpion Subfamily Syntropinae Kraepelin, 1905, with Descriptions of Six New Genera

Cited by 780 publications

References 37 publications

Phylogenomic resolution of scorpions reveals multilevel discordance with morphological phylogenetic signal

Phylogenomic resolution of scorpions reveals multilevel discordance with morphological phylogenetic signal

Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey

Systematic Revision of the North American Syntropine Vaejovid Scorpions With a Subaculear Tubercle,KonetontliGonzález-Santillán and Prendini, 2013

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