Redefining the overtraining syndrome as the unexplained underperformance syndrome

Budgett, Richard; Newsholme, Eric A.; Lehmann, M.; Sharp, Craig; Jones, David A.; Peto, Tim; Collins, Dave; Nerurkar, Rajan; White, Peter

doi:10.1136/bjsm.34.1.67

Cited by 104 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As stated by several authors (Budgett et al 2000) these definitions suggest that the difference between OT & OR is the amount of time needed for performance restoration and not the type or duration of training stress or degree of impairment. These definitions also imply that there may be an absence of psychological signs associated with the conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, identifying these possible initiating events has not revealed the causative mechanism(s) of the OTS. Consequently, some scientists have suggested that the OTS be renamed as the unexplained underperformance syndrome (Budgett et al 2000) which focuses on the key symptom of underperformance in the OTS rather than on the mechanisms. This terminology has not been widely adopted outside the UK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

Meeusen¹,

Duclos²,

Foster³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Sport Science

550

881

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Successful training must involve overload, but also must avoid the combination of excessive overload plus inadequate recovery. Athletes can experience short-term performance decrement, without severe psychological, or lasting other negative symptoms. This Functional Overreaching (FOR) will eventually lead to an improvement in performance after recovery. When athletes do not sufficiently respect the balance between training and recovery, Non-Functional Overreaching (NFOR) can occur. The distinction between NFOR and the Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) is very difficult and will depend on the clinical outcome and exclusion diagnosis. The athlete will often show the same clinical, hormonal and other signs and symptoms. A keyword in the recognition of OTS might be 'prolonged maladaptation' not only of the athlete, but also of several biological, neurochemical, and hormonal regulation mechanisms. It is generally thought that symptoms of OTS, such as fatigue, performance decline and mood disturbances, are more severe than those of NFOR. However, there is no scientific evidence to either confirmor refute this suggestion. One approach to understanding the aetiology of OTS involves the exclusion of organic diseases or infections and factors such as dietary caloric restriction (negative energy balance) and insufficient carbohydrate and/or protein intake, iron deficiency, magnesium deficiency, allergies, etc., together with identification of initiating events or triggers. In this paper, we provide the recent status of possible markers for the detection of OTS. Currently several markers (hormones, performance tests, psychological tests, biochemical and immune markers) are used, but none of them meets all criteria to make its use generally accepted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

Meeusen¹,

Duclos²,

Foster³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Sport Science

550

881

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is a considerable overlap of symptoms between chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and the overtraining syndrome (recently redefined as Unexplained Underperformance Syndrome (UUPS) Budgett et al, 2000). In addition to fatigue, these symptoms include lack of motivation, labile mood and a high incidence of minor infections.…”

Section: Psychological Aspects Of Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Deprivation in Humans, Immunodepression and Glutamine Supplementation

Castell¹,

Gough²,

Cardenas³

et al. 2005

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…29 In order to reflect the multidimensional nature of OTS, it is proposed that the broader term 'underperformance syndrome' (UPS) be adopted instead of OTS. 7 Similar to the previous definition, UPS is defined as a persistent decrement in athletic performance, despite 2 weeks of relative rest, confirmed by both coach and athlete. 7 The primary difference in the terminology is that UPS focuses on the final outcome of the condition, namely underperformance, whereas OTS focused on a single causative factor, namely the training load.…”

Section: Redefinition Of Overtraining Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Similar to the previous definition, UPS is defined as a persistent decrement in athletic performance, despite 2 weeks of relative rest, confirmed by both coach and athlete. 7 The primary difference in the terminology is that UPS focuses on the final outcome of the condition, namely underperformance, whereas OTS focused on a single causative factor, namely the training load. UPS is the acronym that will be used in this article.…”

Section: Redefinition Of Overtraining Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of extreme fatigue in underperforming athletes - a synthesis of recent hypotheses and reviews

Robson-Ansley¹,

Smith²

2009

S Afr J SM

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The Olympic motto citius, altius, fortius (faster, higher, stronger) epitomises the goal of athletic training. As athletes strive to improve their performance, inevitably their training load increases. Frequently their training strategies are successful and their performance improves. However, substantial anecdotal as well as experimental evidence 17,18 links intensified training, for an extended period, with a chronic decrement in athletic performance. This reduced performance may manifest as an athlete failing to improve/maintain his/her previous performances, despite undergoing more intensive training, or an athlete reporting an inability to regain previous form following a vigorous competition.Athletes must undergo significant amounts of physiological as well as psychological stress during training in order to provide sufficiently potent stimuli for appropriate adaptations to occur. To ensure that the athlete adapts favourably to the training load imposed, adequate rest is a crucial part of any training programme. If rest is not sufficient and the exercise stress alone or combined with other stressors (health, nutritional, environmental or psychological) is too great, the athlete may fail to adapt (maladapt) and enter a state of 'overreaching'. If the athlete continues training with insufficient rest, and in addition is exposed to further stressors (mentioned above), then a state of chronic underperformance may occur. This condition has been referred to as overtraining syndrome (OTS), but has also been referred to as staleness or burnout syndrome. 22It should be noted that although the condition of 'overreaching' may be a precursor to overtraining, certain coaches and athletes regard this condition as an integral part of training to achieve a supercompensatory effect. 22 However, if an athlete is overreached, approximately 2 weeks of rest should result in a return to previous performance levels or even improved performance. 22 In contrast, the OTS athlete will not recover in 2 weeks. It may take months for this athlete to recover, and in some instances the individual may never recover. 22OTS is commonly reported to occur in around 10 -20% of elite endurance athletes 32 and affects up to 65% of longdistance runners at some point in their athletic career. 28 This condition should therefore not be regarded as a marginal problem but as an important and frequent event in the athletic community. 22 Redefinition of overtraining syndromeAlthough the aetiology of OTS remains elusive the term 'overtraining syndrome' may be a misnomer, since it implies that exercise is the sole causative factor of the syndrome. The recent redefinition of the syndrome focuses not only on the outcome, but also implies that the cause may be multi- REvIEW ARTIClECauses of extreme fatigue in underperforming athletesa synthesis of recent hypotheses and reviews AbstractThe underperformance syndrome (UPS), previously known as the overtraining syndrome (OTS), has been defined as a persistent decrement in athletic performance capacity despite 2...

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Redefining the overtraining syndrome as the unexplained underperformance syndrome

Cited by 104 publications

References 11 publications

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

Sleep Deprivation in Humans, Immunodepression and Glutamine Supplementation

Causes of extreme fatigue in underperforming athletes - a synthesis of recent hypotheses and reviews

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