Redefining the oceanic distribution of Atlantic salmon

Rikardsen, Audun H.; Righton, David; Strøm, John Fredrik; Thorstad, Eva B.; Gargan, Patrick; Sheehan, Timothy F.; Økland, Finn; Chittenden, Cedar M.; Hedger, Richard D.; Næsje, Tor F.; Renkawitz, Mark D.; Sturlaugsson, Johannes; Caballero, Pablo; Baktoft, Henrik; Davidsen, Jan Grimsrud; Halttunen, Elina; Wright, Serena; Finstad, Bengt; Aarestrup, Kim

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91137-y

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…It should be noted that there are gaps in the EuroDiad database (refer to Barber-O’Malley et al, (2022)). For example, no diadromous fish presence data were available within Dutch freshwater habitats, and salmon populations are known to exist within Danish waters (de Groot et al, 2012; Maes et al, 2007; Rikardsen et al, 2021). Presences of A. alosa and A. fallax within the Mediterranean from the EuroDiad database will have been due to historic classification (Bagliniere and Elie, 2000; Keith et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the distribution of rare and data-poor diadromous fish at sea for protected area management

Elliott

Acou

Beaulaton³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Anthropogenic pressures have resulted in declines in diadromous fish. Many diadromous fish which were commercially important are now threatened and protected. Little is known about their marine life history phases, and no observation-based Species Distribution Model exists for this group of species at sea. Yet, fisheries dependent and independent data could provide new insights to the distribution of diadromous fish at sea. We collated a database of 168 904 hauls from fisheries observer bycatch data and scientific fisheries surveys, from eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean waters. The distribution of eleven rare and data-poor diadromous fish (shads, lampreys, salmonids, the European eel, the thinlip mullet, smelt and the European flounder) were modelled. A Bayesian site occupancy model, which incorporates imperfect detection to account for repeat detections and non-detections, the non-random nature of fishing gear type and spatial autocorrelation was used. From the model outputs, we explored bycatch risk and the role of MPAs, required under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and Habitat Directive and assessed. Diadromous fish were observed within relatively shallow coastal areas. Species specific gear bycatch trends were observed. Core distribution areas corresponded to their known water basin presence, indicating connectivity with their freshwater habitats. Numerous Habitat Directive Marine Protected Areas were found to be of relevance. Given the coastal distribution of these species, they are exposed to higher anthropogenic pressures from both terrestrial and marine environments. Risk of bycatch at sea for most species appears to be low. Nonetheless, for threatened individuals, even a small amount of bycatch may impact their populations, especially since miss-reporting is likely to be high. Differences in catchability between gears highlight potential benefits of limiting access of certain gears within protected areas to reduce bycatch.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the distribution of rare and data-poor diadromous fish at sea for protected area management

Elliott

Acou

Beaulaton³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Up until recently, this work has been hampered by a lack of certainty about where the various populations of Atlantic salmon reside during their marine migration. Thanks to technological advances and collaborative efforts, some progress has been made on this very recently (Almodóvar et al, 2020;Gilbey et al, 2021;Rikardsen et al, 2021), allowing targeted hypotheses to now be generated on salmon migration and distribution patterns in the sea. Data such as those described in this paper are crucial in providing definitive answers as to why marine survival of Atlantic salmon continues to decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decadal Trends in the Migration Phenology of Diadromous Fishes Native to the Burrishoole Catchment, Ireland

et al. 2022

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Migration is an important ecological trait that allows animals to exploit resources in different habitats, obtaining extra energy for growth and reproduction. The phenology (or timing) of migration is a highly heritable trait, but is also controlled by environmental factors. Numerous studies have reported the advancement of species life-events with climate change, but the rate and significance of such advancement is likely to be species specific, spatially variable and dependent on interactions with population and ecosystem changes. This is particularly true for diadromous fishes which are sentinels of change in both freshwater and marine domains, and are subject to considerable multiple stressors including overfishing and habitat degradation. Here, we describe trends in the migration phenology of three native Irish migratory fishes over half a century, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo trutta) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla). The trends were derived from daily counts of 745,263 fish moving upstream and downstream through the fish traps of the Burrishoole catchment, an internationally important monitoring infrastructure allowing a full census of migrating fish. We found that the start of the seaward migration of eel has advanced by one month since 1970. The commencement of the salmon smolt migration has advanced by one week, although the rest of the migration, and the entirety of the trout smolt run has remained stable. The beginning of the upstream migration of trout to freshwater has advanced by 20 days, while the end of the run is more than one month later than in the 1970’s. The greatest phenological shift has been in the upstream migration of adult salmon, with at least half of migrating fish returning between one and two months earlier from the marine environment compared to the 1970’s. The earlier return of these salmon is coincident with reduced marine survival and decreasing body size, indicating considerable oceanic challenges for this species. Our results demonstrate that the impacts of climate change on the phenology of diadromous fish are context-dependent and may interact with other factors. The mobilization of long-term datasets are crucial to parse the ecological impacts of climate change from other anthropogenic stresses.

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“…Larger salmon tagged with satellite tags as they exited rivers in springtime revealed that salmon kelts from Denmark use the corridor for passage on their marine migration back to recondition in the Norwegian Sea, and probably other populations from eastern England and southern Norway use this corridor as well (Rikardsen et al, 2021). European eels tagged in Denmark, Belgium, Sweden, and southern Norway were found to follow the Norwegian Trench northward through the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor just offshore from Bergen northwards before turning south through the Shetland‐Faroe Channel toward The Azores (Righton et al, 2016).…”

Section: Biological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic importance of the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor to marine biology and oceanography of the Atlantic Ocean

Lennox

Junge

Reubens

et al. 2022

Fisheries Oceanography

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The North Sea is one of the busiest and most exploited marine areas on Earth and is home to many highly migratory and economically important species. At the northern boundary, a 300‐km corridor between Norway and Shetland forms a major egress point from the North Sea to the Norwegian Sea and broader Atlantic Ocean, which is known to be used by many focal species including Atlantic salmon, European eel, European sturgeon, Atlantic bluefin tuna, basking shark, Atlantic mackerel, spiny dogfish, among others. We argue that this relatively shallow 300‐km corridor is a critical area for ecological and oceanographic research in the North Sea to understand species distribution, migratory patterns, responses to climate, fisheries, and more. Instrumentation of the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor with a line of oceanographic and biological tracking infrastructure would help capture the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ocean and its major fauna between the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, a boundary between management areas from ICES and OSPAR.

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Redefining the oceanic distribution of Atlantic salmon

Cited by 37 publications

References 38 publications

Modelling the distribution of rare and data-poor diadromous fish at sea for protected area management

Modelling the distribution of rare and data-poor diadromous fish at sea for protected area management

Decadal Trends in the Migration Phenology of Diadromous Fishes Native to the Burrishoole Catchment, Ireland

Strategic importance of the Bergen‐Shetland Corridor to marine biology and oceanography of the Atlantic Ocean

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