Redefining the Normal Values of Serum Aminotransferases in Healthy Indian Males

Najmy, Shaneez; Duseja, Ajay; Sachdev, Suchet; Sharma, Rati; Marwah, Neelam; Chawla, Yogesh

doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2018.06.003

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…[28][29][30] In fact, a recent ultrasound-based study in healthy blood donors of Chandigarh found that 528 out of 986 (53.5%) donors had NAFLD, and at least one component of metabolic syndrome was present in 96% (506 of 528) of subjects with NAFLD. 31 We published our experience of liver donor liver biopsies; 50.4% of apparently healthy prospective liver donors had NAFL. 32 NAFLD contributes significantly to liver disease-related morbidity in India 33 and has a different clinicopathological profile from West.…”

Section: Indians Are At More Risk Of Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Cardiovascular Disease in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Whom and How?

Choudhary

Duseja

2019

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. Patients with NAFLD are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact, CVD-related mortality is more common in patients with NAFLD in comparison to liver-related mortality. This association is related to the common metabolic risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension shared by both NAFLD and CVD, and also there is independent association of NAFLD with CVD because of risk factors such as insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. While there is abundant literature on association of NAFLD with CVD, there is sparse literature regarding the screening for CVD in patients with NAFLD. In the current review article, we discuss as to which patients with NAFLD to screen and how to screen for CVD. ( J CLIN EXP HEP-ATOL 2019;9:506-514) N onalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases that covers nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is one of the leading causes of liver disease and cirrhosis. It is associated with extrahepatic diseases that include cardiovascular disease (CVD). 1 The association of NAFLD with CVD is related to the common metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia; 2 however, multiple studies have shown that NAFLD is also independently associated with CVD despite presence of confounders (metabolic risk factors). 3 CVD has been shown to be the most common cause of death in patients with NAFLD, and this risk is more in patients with NASH as compared with simple steatosis or NAFL. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Majority of these studies have shown that risk of mortality is more in these patients as compared with controls, 4-8 while few studies have shown independent association with CVD but not higher risk of mortality. 9,10 Although CVD is more common cause of death in NAFLD, role of cardiovascular risk screening is not clear with conflicting views in literature. 11,12 As NAFLD is very common, it is not possible to screen all patients for CVD, and patients with higher risk of CVD should be selected for screening while patients with lower risk of CVD may be managed with risk factors modification alone which should improve their CVD risk as well. In the current review, we aim to review the literature regarding these questions: whom and how to screen for CVD among patients with NAFLD? WHY NAFLD IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH CVD?Although NAFLD and CVD are associated with metabolic risk factors, several potential links, which are independent of other risk factors, make NAFLD important for pathogenesis of CVD. These possible links which may cause atherosclerosis acceleration including genetics, atherogenic dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, and imbalance of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors. In addition to NAFLD, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and adiponectin imbalance also contr...

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