Redefining the Koizumi model of mouse cerebral ischemia: A comparative longitudinal study of cerebral and retinal ischemia in the Koizumi and Longa middle cerebral artery occlusion models

Abstract

Cerebral and retinal ischemia share similar pathogenesis and epidemiology, each carrying both acute and prolonged risk of the other and often co-occurring. The most used preclinical stroke models, the Koizumi and Longa middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) methods, have reported retinal damage with great variability, leaving the disruption of retinal blood supply via MCAO poorly investigated, even providing conflicting assumptions on the origin of the ophthalmic artery in rodents. The aim of our study was to use longitudinal in vivo magnetic resonance assessment of cerebral and retinal vascular perfusion after the ischemic injury to clarify whether and how the Koizumi and Longa methods induce retinal ischemia and how they differ in terms of cerebral and retinal lesion evolution. We provided anatomical evidence of the origin of the ophthalmic artery in mice from the pterygopalatine artery. Following the Koizumi surgery, retinal responses to ischemia overlapped with those in the brain, resulting in permanent damage. In contrast, the Longa method produced only extensive cerebral lesions, with greater tissue loss than in the Koizumi method. Additionally, our data suggests the Koizumi method should be redefined as a model of ischemia with chronic hypoperfusion rather than of ischemia and reperfusion.

Reactivation of corticogenesis-related transcriptional factors BCL11B and SATB2 after ischemic lesion of the adult mouse brain

“…2 ). Although the sham operation is generally considered not to have any adverse effects, the findings from our own group show that the ligation of Common carotid artery during the sham procedure causes chronic hypoperfusion in the brain 25 .

Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry results of SATB2 in the mouse brains isolated 7 days after MCAO or Sham surgery.

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Distinctions between the Koizumi and Zea Longa methods for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent data

“…Neuronal apoptosis rate Helena, J. 2022 31 C57Bl6 mice (male, 3–6 months old) Isoflurane 1. Processing: tip coated with silicone 2.…”

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“…Nineteen studies 12 – 15 , 17 – 31 reported rodent mortality after plugging filament, and one study 30 was excluded due to a lack of extractable data. Overall, and, no significant difference between the two methods was observed (RR = 1.09, 95% CI [0.86, 1.38], p = 0.47, heterogeneity I 2 = 21%, p = 0.20) (Fig.…”

Evaluation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis

“…Therefore, the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness might be a promising parameter for monitoring axonal loss in ocular and neurological diseases [ 3 , 4 ]. Studies in animal models have indicated that ischemic stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), may lead to retinal functional impairment, particularly retinal layer thinning [ 1 , 5 , 6 ]. In addition, some clinical studies also demonstrated that retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was reduced in patients with cerebral infarction [ 7 , 8 ].…”