Redefining the Cerrado–Amazonia transition: implications for conservation

Marques, Eduardo Q.; Marimon-Júnior, Ben Hur; Matricardi, Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli; Mews, Henrique Augusto; Colli, Guarino R.

doi:10.1007/s10531-019-01720-z

Cited by 104 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In contrast to that has been found for a variety of tropical vegetation types and floristic assemblages (e.g. Cantidio & Souza, 2019;Castro-Insua et al, 2018;Linder et al, 2012;Marques et al, 2020;Saiter et al, 2016;Tuomisto et al, 2019), we found rather smooth borders between subregions. This is attributable to the absence of extensive mountain ranges or steep climatic gradients in most of the Amazon extension, as well as to the historical stability of the tropical forest biome in the basin (Costa et al, 2017), which may have allowed for extensive species dispersal.…”

Section: Regional Patternscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Woody plant subregions of the Amazon forest

Silva‐Souza

Souza

2020

Journal of Ecology

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1. The Amazon forest covers 7.5 million km 2 in nine countries, hosts 25% of the global biodiversity and is a major contributor to the biogeochemical and climatic functioning of the Earth system. Despite its global importance, a regionalization of the Amazon tree flora is still lacking. Clear and data-driven delimitation of subregions is important for macroecological studies, to the identification of metacommunities and is a requisite for conservation planning. 2. We aimed at identifying and mapping plant species subregions and investigated their relationships with environmental, historical and human correlates. We provide the first woody plant regionalization of the entire Amazon forest using a datadriven approach based on assemblage composition patterns. 3. We compiled data on woody species composition from 301 assemblages based on species occurrences. We then used unconstrained ordination, interpolation and clustering techniques to identify and map discrete woody subregions. Hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted in order to investigate the relationships between the identified subregions. We used multinomial logistic regression model and deviance partitioning to investigate the influence of environmental, historical and human factors on subregions distribution. 4. We identified 13 woody subregions in the entire Amazon forest. The hierarchical subregion classification showed a broad Andean-Cratonic east-west division. Variation in subregions was explained jointly by human factors and spatial structure followed by environmental factors and spatial structure combined. 5. Synthesis. Our woody plant subregions differed from World Wildlife Fund ecoregions and physiognomic-based maps, highlighting the importance of basing regionalizations on taxon-specific groups and confirming that vegetation maps should not be used as proxies to plant diversity subregions. Our findings also confirm the need for multiple and extensive protected areas in the Amazon forest. The relevance of current climate factors in our study alerts to a profound impact that climate change could have on the spatial organization of the Amazon flora.

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Section: Regional Patternscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Woody plant subregions of the Amazon forest

Silva‐Souza

Souza

2020

Journal of Ecology

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“…Modern anthropogenic activities, associated with global warming, have a negative effect on tree diversity and reduce the conservation status of Amazonian forests (Barlow et al 2016, Esquivel-Muelbert et al 2019). Despite having large areas of ombrophilous forests, the ecotone forests are important ecological areas because they occupy the peripheral zone to the Amazon basin (Central Amazonia) and are considered as the forest formations most impacted by anthropogenic activities in the Southern (Marques et al 2019, Nogueira et al 2015) and Northern (Barni et al 2015, Santos et al 2013) Amazonian "arcs of deforestation". The accelerated increase of anthropogenic activities within the Amazonian ecotones has been a major contributor to the fact that the region as a whole is now approaching to the "tipping point", limiting forest growth and potentially favouring low-density environments when compared to those currently supported by the region (Lovejoy and Nobre 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic composition in ecotone forests in northern Brazilian Amazonia: preliminary data

Silva¹,

Villacorta²,

Perdiz³

et al. 2019

BDJ

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BackgroundEcotone has been defined as “a multi-dimensional environmentally stochastic interaction zone between ecological systems with characteristics defined in space and time, and by the strength of the interaction” (Hufkens et al. 2009). This is a known concept to define transitional zones between two or more ecological communities, ecosystems or biotic regions. Ecotone forests, dispersed in northern Brazilian Amazonia, are natural formations which have been largely affected by anthropogenic impacts, such as deforestation and fire. Maracá Ecological Station, State of Roraima, Brazil, is a protected area with extensive representations of ecotone forests in this region of the Amazonia. Forest inventories and floristic surveys are important as they extend our knowledge (1) of forest structure and tree species composition and (2) of tree and palm species ecology in this region of the Amazonia. Both improve our ability to predict changes in plant diversity, considering the future scenarios of climate change in comparison with previous surveys performed in Maracá.New informationWe present a forest inventory carried out in 129 plots (10 m x 50 m; 6.45 ha in total) dispersed in a grid (5 km x 5 km) located in a forest zone ecotone in the eastern part of Maracá Ecological Station. All stems (tree + palm) with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were recorded, identified and measured. A total of 3040 stems were recorded (tree = 2815; palm = 225), corresponding to 42 botanic families and 140 identified species. Seven families and 20 genera contained unidentified taxa (12.2%). Sapotaceae (735 stems; 10 species), Leguminosae (409; 24) and Rubiaceae (289; 12) were the most abundant families. Peltogyne gracilipes Ducke (Leguminosae), Pradosia surinamensis (Eyma) T.D.Penn. (Sapotaceae) and Ecclinusa guianensis Eyma (Sapotaceae) were the species with the highest importance value index (~ 25%). The dominance (m2 ha-1) of these species corresponds to > 36% of the total value observed in the forest inventory. Our dataset provides complementary floristic and structure information on tree and palm in Maracá, improving our knowledge of this Amazonian ecotone forest.

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“…Essas transições, chamadas ecótonos, possuem alta complexidade ambiental, troca de espécies entre as comunidades bióticas e hiperdinâmica da vegetação ao agregar características de ambos ecossistemas. É o caso das transições Cerrado-Amazônia e Cerrado-Caatinga, que possuem grandes áreas e são representadas nos mapas oficiais simplesmente como uma linha para delimitação (MARQUES et al, 2020). Abade et al (2015) utilizaram o produto MOD09Q1 (série temporal do NDVI, sensor MODIS) no período 2011-2013 para mapear a vegetação nativa e exótica na zona de transição Cerrado-Caatinga, por meio do classificador SVM (Support Vector Machine) e obtiveram exatidão de 80,75% de seis classes mapeadas (água, agricultura, pastagem, floresta estacional decidual, floresta estacional semidecidual e Cerrado).…”

Section: Dados De Sensoriamento Remotounclassified

“…Os autores apontaram que os efeitos fenológicos são um dos maiores desafios no estudo de savanas e regiões semiáridas. Marques et al (2020) analisaram mais de 30 anos da transição Cerrado-Amazônia, por meio de imagens TM/Landsat 5, técnicas de mistura espectral e classificação automática. Os autores concluíram que essas áreas registraram taxas de desmatamento maiores que as florestas e savanas em cada bioma individualmente.…”

Section: Dados De Sensoriamento Remotounclassified

Mapeamento da Vegetação do Cerrado – Uma Revisão das Iniciativas de Sensoriamento Remoto

Oliveira

Cassol

Ganem

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Cartogr.

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O Cerrado é o segundo maior bioma brasileiro, sendo reconhecido como a savana mais biodiversa do mundo. Após 1970, as dinâmicas de uso e cobertura da terra do bioma têm sido marcadas por atividades agropecuárias extensivas, resultando em taxas de desmatamento historicamente superiores às do bioma Amazônia. Esse cenário reforça a necessidade de investigar a metodologia das iniciativas de mapeamento da vegetação do Cerrado, a fim de identificar as lacunas e desafios ainda existentes para o avanço científico do conhecimento no âmbito do Sensoriamento Remoto (SR). Para tal, o presente artigo de revisão identificou 15 iniciativas que mapearam a vegetação do bioma em diferentes escalas, períodos e níveis de detalhamento de legenda. O primeiro foi o projeto Radam/RadamBrasil, ainda na década de 1970. No entanto, foi a partir dos anos 2000 que o Cerrado começou a ter mais visibilidade, com o surgimento de iniciativas maiores e mais direcionadas para o bioma (PROBIO, Conservação Internacional). Recentemente, novas iniciativas (MapBiomas, PRODES) têm se destacado por incorporarem metodologias diferenciadas que acompanharam a evolução computacional das técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto. O levantamento realizado neste artigo identificou que a discriminação dos diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal do bioma ainda é um dos principais desafios a serem vencidos, principalmente em relação às fitofisionomias não florestais, além de classes de uso espectralmente semelhantes, como a pastagem. Este trabalho visa agregar detalhes das principais iniciativas de mapeamento da vegetação do Cerrado, suas metodologias, desafios encontrados, tais como a dificuldade de discriminação de seus tipos de vegetação e maiores discussões e promessas futuras no campo do SR.

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Redefining the Cerrado–Amazonia transition: implications for conservation

Cited by 104 publications

References 43 publications

Woody plant subregions of the Amazon forest

Woody plant subregions of the Amazon forest

Floristic composition in ecotone forests in northern Brazilian Amazonia: preliminary data

Mapeamento da Vegetação do Cerrado – Uma Revisão das Iniciativas de Sensoriamento Remoto

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