Redefining ocular drug delivery

Song, Allisa J; Steger, Jennifer S.; Robin, Alan L.

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2022.09.001

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…49,[52][53][54] Thus, novel therapies have been devised which focus on providing a precise, direct and more efficacious method of medication administration with fewer side effects. 55,56 Smaller-volume eyedrops have been employed as a way to address this concern. Brown and Hanna suggested in 1978 that smaller drop sizes were able to achieve similar levels of cycloplegia and mydriasis compared with regular drops.…”

Section: Novel Drug Delivery Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacologic Mydriasis and Cycloplegia: A Review of Novel Delivery Devices

Jordan,

Oatts

2023

touchREVIEWS in Ophthalmology

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Pharmacologic mydriasis, or pupillary dilation, is achieved using various agents, and is an important component of a comprehensive eye examination. Of the medications available to achieve mydriasis, the most favourable are those with a rapid onset and a low risk of causing side effects. The current standard of care is to administer multiple drops of different medications to achieve mydriasis. However, a number of innovations in the field are addressing this shortcoming. Fixed-combination eyedrop therapy has been suggested as a more efficient method, with the potential to cause fewer side effects. Additionally, novel drug delivery devices have been devised to further improve efficiency and decrease waste by delivering smaller volume drops with greater precision. Two devices of current interest are the Nanodropper (Nanodropper, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA) and Optejet® (MydCombi™; Eyenovia, Inc., New York, NY, USA). Recent studies of these devices have shown their ability to achieve similar levels of mydriasis as conventional medications without additional side effects. Furthermore, the Optejet has shown in two phase III trials that fixed-combination therapy is able to achieve greater pupil dilation compared with the current standard. This review provides an overview of pharmacologic dilation and reviews these emerging technologies.

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Section: Novel Drug Delivery Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacologic Mydriasis and Cycloplegia: A Review of Novel Delivery Devices

Jordan,

Oatts

2023

touchREVIEWS in Ophthalmology

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Ocular Pharmacology

Novack,

Robin

2024

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Treatment of ocular diseases presents unique challenges and opportunities for the clinician and for the clinical pharmacologist. Ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, typically given as liquids, require consideration of solubility, physiological pH, and osmolarity, as well as sterility and stability, which in turn requires optimal pharmaceutics. Ocular tissue levels are challenging to obtain in humans, and the clinical pharmacokinetics is typically blood levels, which are primarily related to safety, rather than efficacy. The eye is a closed compartment with multiple physiological barriers with esterases and transporters, but relatively little cytochrome oxidases. Delivery routes include topical, intravitreal, and systemic. Patient dosing involves not only adherence issues common to all chronic diseases, but also performance requirements on eye drop instillation. Therapeutically, ocular diseases and their pharmacological treatments include both those analogous to systemic diseases (e.g., inflammation, infection, and neuronal degeneration) and those unique to the eye (e.g., cataract and myopia).

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Redefining ocular drug delivery

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

Pharmacologic Mydriasis and Cycloplegia: A Review of Novel Delivery Devices

Pharmacologic Mydriasis and Cycloplegia: A Review of Novel Delivery Devices

Ocular Pharmacology

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