Redefining food safety traceability system through blockchain: findings, challenges and open issues

Abstract

In the last few decades, there has been an increase in food safety and traceability issues. To prevent accidents and misconduct, it became essential to establish Food Safety Traceability System (FSTS) to trace the food from producer to consumer. The traceability systems can help track food in supply chains from farms to retail. Numerous technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), sensor networks, and data mining have been integrated into traditional food supply chain systems to remove unsafe food products from the chain. But, these are not adequate for the current supply chain market. The emerging technology of blockchain can overcome safety and tracking issues. This can be possible with the help of blockchain features like transparent, decentralized, distributed, and immutable. Most of the previous works missed the discussion of the systematic process and technology involved in implementing the FSTS using blockchain. In this paper, we have discussed an organized state of research of the existing FSTS using blockchain. This survey paper aims to outline a detailed analysis of blockchain technology, FSTS using blockchain, consensus algorithms, security attacks, and solutions. Several survey papers and solutions based on blockchain are included in this research paper. Also, this work discusses some of the open research issues related to FSTS.

Making food systems more resilient to food safety risks by including artificial intelligence, big data, and internet of things into food safety early warning and emerging risk identification tools

“…It does not require central entity for oversight. Moreover, “smart contracts” developed within the blockchain can specify the requirements for food safety that the products need to be checked against (Singh et al., 2022). A great variety of options is available for the data and documents that can be included depending on the design and acceptable volume of data, which does not have to be exhaustive for providing relevant information.…”

Research on safety risk control of prepared foods from the perspective of supply chain

“…For example, Lopez-Galvez et al [ 12 ] examined potential tensions between microbiological safety and environmental sustainability in the supply chain of fresh produce, addressing issues throughout the food supply chain, from primary production to end-of-life, including handling, processing industry, retailers, and consumers. On the other hand, other studies have explored the design and implementation of food safety standards, traceability systems, and quality control mechanisms [ [21] , [22] , [23] ]. These studies have identified key factors and challenges impacting food safety in various supply chain contexts, such as information asymmetry [ 24 ], moral hazard [ 13 ], producer behavior [ 25 ], consumer behavior, and environmental impacts [ 12 ].…”

Multilayer privacy‐preserving model for security and privacy access control in edge computing

“…The architecture is designed with both available resources and the specific characteristics of a group of people with a different perspective 25–28 . Most of the consumer utilizes IoT application with intellectual ability to form their life more comfortable, and they typically intercommunicate with IoT devices via experiential interfaces offered by the edge or cloud instead of interacting with IoT devices.…”

“…The architecture is designed with both available resources and the specific characteristics of a group of people with a different perspective. [25][26][27][28] Most of the consumer utilizes IoT application with intellectual ability to form their life more comfortable, and they typically…”