Red yeast Rhodotorula benthica – substitute feed base for echinoderms in factory cultivation

Abstract

Now decrease press of the fishery on natural populations of hydrobionts and restoration of their number due to artificial reproduction is actual. At artificial cultivation important properly to choose the right feed. To develop the feeding technology, work was carried out with larvae and juveniles of sea cucumber and gray sea urchin in the conditions of the mini-plant of the Scientific and Production Department of Mariculture of the Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University located in Severnaya Bay (Slavyansky Gulf, the Sea of Japan) and Troitsa Bay (Vladimir Gulf, the Sea of Japan). Experimental studies have shown the possibility of using the sea yeast Rhodotorula benthica as either the main feed or as a feed additive. Practical recommendations have been developed for the use of Rhodotorula benthica yeast as a substitute feed base for growing larvae and juveniles of Japanese sea cucumber and gray sea urchin. The results of the work will serve as a basis for the development of biotechnology for feeding at echinoderm breeding farms and will be useful to the organizations, whose duties include rational and competent progress of marine economic territories.

Effects of Diet on Larval Survival, Growth, and Development of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria leucospilota

“…Some larval holothurian species prefer a single-species diet. For example, Chaetoceros calcitrans is effective for rearing larval Bohadschia marmorata [ 21 ], H. spinifera [ 22 ], and Parastichopus californicus [ 19 ], and dry yeast S. cerevisi ae or sea yeast R. benthica can be used as stable food for A. japonicus larvae [ 20 , 31 , 33 ]. However, multispecies diets are usually used to rear holothurian larvae [ 5 , 13 , 17 , 20 , 29 , 30 , 50 ].…”

“…Characteristics of substitute diets include that they are highly nutritious, inexpensive, easy to use, more stable than live microalgal cultures, and free of pests and/or diseases that could cause mass mortality of cultured species [ 18 , 31 – 33 ]. While ground shrimp pellets and fine Sargassum spp.…”

“…paste are effective for growing late auricularia larvae of H. scabra [ 12 ], commercially available microalgae concentrates could also be used to replace live microalgae for this species [ 18 , 34 , 35 ] and for A. japonicas [ 31 ]. Baker's (dry) yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and red yeast Rhodotorula benthica , both rich in protein and vitamins, are also acceptable phytoplankton substitutes for A. japonicus larvae [ 20 , 31 – 33 ] .…”

Rhodotorula benthica culture as an alternative to antibiotics improves growth performance by improving nutrients digestibility and intestinal morphology, and modulating gut microbiota of weaned piglets

“…Natural marine red yeast strains are rich in protein, astaxanthin, and enzyme and characterize high salt tolerance; therefore, they are commonly used as feed additives in aquaculture (Matrosova and Politaeva, 2021;Yun et al, 2021). RBC without live yeast also has the above features but it has fewer applications on animals.…”