Red sea bream iridovirus infection in cage farmed Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer): Insights into the pathology, epizootiology, and genetic diversity

Sumithra, T.G.; Sharma, S R Krupesha; Neelima, L.; Dhanutha, N.R.; Joshy, Aswathy; Anusree, V.N.; Gayathri, S.; Raghu, Rishi; Praveen, N.D.; Thomas, Sujitha; Rajesh, K M

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737571

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Histological features of Asian seabass' liver challenged with V. alginolyticus in this study showed a hemorrhage, vacuolization, and hepatocyte necrosis. This condition is identical to that found by Sumithra et al (2022), that pathogen infection in Asian seabass causes changes in the structure of the liver tissue showing hemorrhage, vacuolization, and hepatocyte necrosis. Further observation using the scoring method (Table 3) revealed that after the challenge test, the treatment injected with V. alginolyticus showed a mild damage to the liver, while the negative control treatment showed a normal damage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of Dietary Canarium indicum L. on the Growth, Health, and Resistance of Asian Seabass Challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus

Taufiq Abdullah,

Wahjuningrum,

Widanarni Widanarni

2023

JIPK

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Canarium indicum offers the potential of usage in aquaculture. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of C. indicum on growth performance, health, and resistance of Asian seabass Lates calcalifer challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus. The study employed a completely randomized design with seven treatments, namely positive control (K+), negative control (K-), vitamin control (KVit), antibiotic control (KAnt), doses of 5 g kg-1 (D05), 10 g kg-1 (D10), and 20 g kg-1 C. indicum (D20). The test feed was prepared with a coating method and fed for 30 days. On the 31st day of rearing, a challenge test was conducted by injecting V. alginolyticus intramuscularly at 106 CFU mL-1. The results showed that C. indicum treatment for 30 days had a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on weight gain and average daily growth, while KVit and KAnt treatments were not different from the control. After the challenge test, all doses of C. indicum treatment, as well as KVit and KAnt treatments, showed survival significantly different (P<0.05) from that of the positive control, which ranged from 88.89% to 95.56% and was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the negative control. The survival rate condition is identical to the cumulative survival condition which shows the highest mortality found in the positive control. The administration of C. indicum at a dose of 5 g kg-1 to 20 g kg-1 improved the growth performance and prevented V. alginolyticus infection. Highlight Research C. indicum significantly increases the growth of Asian seabass. C. indicum significantly enhances the immune response to V. alginolyticus infection in Asian seabass. C. indicum can prevent V. alginolyticus infection as it resulted in a higher and cumulative survival than the positive control. C. indicum can be developed as an immunostimulant for the prevention of vibriosis in Asian seabass at doses of 5 g kg-1 to 20 g kg-1.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of Dietary Canarium indicum L. on the Growth, Health, and Resistance of Asian Seabass Challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus

Taufiq Abdullah,

Wahjuningrum,

Widanarni Widanarni

2023

JIPK

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“…Affected fish showed lethargy, darkened bodies, gill pallor, hemorrhage, fin and tail rot, scale loss, and spleen and kidney enlargement. Other pathogens, such as V. harveyi [5], T. maritimum [6], ISKNV [38], L. calcarifer herpes virus (LCHV) [39,40], and RSIV [41,42], can also cause similar symptoms or occasionally co-infected with SDDV. In this study, metagenomics analysis was used to study viral and bacterial communities within the tissues of diseased Asian seabass exhibiting pathological characteristics of SDS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Scale Drop Disease Virus Isolated From Asian Seabass (<em>Lates calcarifer</em>)

Chokmangmeepisarn,

Azmai,

Domingos

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Scale drop disease virus (SDDV), a double-stranded DNA virus in the family Iridoviridae, has been reported widely in southeast Asian countries as a causative agent of scale drop syndrome (SDS) in Asian seabass. SDS have resulted in high mortality and significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. This study demonstrated the use of metagenomic methods to investigate bacterial and viral communities present in infected fish tissues and recovering a complete genome of the causative agent named SDDV TH7_2019. Characterization of the TH7_2019 genome revealed a genome size of 131 kb with 134 putative ORFs encoding viral proteins potentially associated with host apoptosis manipulation. A comparative genome analysis showed a high degree of amino acid identity across SDDV strains, with variations in number of repeat sequences and mutations within core genes. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a close relationship among SDDV genomes. This research enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship of SDDV, contributing valuable insights for further development of effective control strategies of SDDV.

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“…This virus is an icosahedral‐shaped, 200–240 nm particle‐sized, double‐stranded DNA virus (~112 kbp genome size) (Oh & Nishizawa, 2016; Tamaru et al, 2006) and is notable for mass mortalities in aquacultural livestock (Kawato et al, 2021; Kurita & Nakajima, 2012). Infected fish exhibit signs of lethargy and severe anemia, along with splenic enlargement (Kawato et al, 2021; Liu et al, 2018; Sumithra et al, 2022). RSIVD is a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) notifiable disease and poses a grave threat to RSIVD‐free regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RSIVD is a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) notifiable disease and poses a grave threat to RSIVD‐free regions. More than 30 farmed marine fish species are known to be susceptible and it is difficult to eradicate the virus once it establishes endemism (Kawato et al, 2021; Sumithra et al, 2022). On the other hand, NNV is a small‐sized icosahedral‐shaped (~30 nm), positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA virus (~4 kbp genome size) which causes viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing environmental DNA and RNA protocols for the simultaneous detection of fish viruses from seawater

Chen

Tan

et al. 2023

Environmental DNA

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Aquatic viruses are major threats to global aquacultural productivity. While conventional diagnostic methods for disease investigation are laborious, time‐consuming, and often involve the sacrifice of animals, environmental DNA and RNA (eDNA/eRNA) tools have the potential in being non‐invasive alternatives for the effective and early detection of various pathogens simultaneously. In this study, three seawater filtration methods—Sterivex syringe filtration, centrifugal ultrafiltration, and vacuum pump filtration with iron flocculation—were assessed for the recovery rates in co‐detecting fish virus eDNA/eRNA from natural seawater that was spiked with fish red seabream iridovirus (RSIV, DNA virus) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV, RNA virus). The centrifugal ultrafiltration method was the most effective for the capture of small‐sized viruses like NNV with a recovery rate of 63.23%, while the method of vacuum pump filtration with iron flocculation and chloroform disintegration of filter membranes had the highest RSIV recovery rate of 32.61%. We also optimized both automated and manual nucleic acid extraction methods and found comparable eDNA/eRNA extraction efficiencies. Our findings from the systematic comparison of seawater filtration and extraction methods suggest that each seawater filtration/nucleic acid extraction method can cater to different aquatic animal virus surveillance and disease investigation scenarios. These highlight the potential of virus eDNA/eRNA approaches for advancing the field of disease ecology and safeguarding aquatic animal health.

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Red sea bream iridovirus infection in cage farmed Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer): Insights into the pathology, epizootiology, and genetic diversity

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of Dietary Canarium indicum L. on the Growth, Health, and Resistance of Asian Seabass Challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus

Effect of Dietary Canarium indicum L. on the Growth, Health, and Resistance of Asian Seabass Challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus

Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Scale Drop Disease Virus Isolated From Asian Seabass (<em>Lates calcarifer</em>)

Establishing environmental DNA and RNA protocols for the simultaneous detection of fish viruses from seawater

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