Red-purple flower due to delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, a novel pigment for Cyclamen spp., generated by ion-beam irradiation

Kondo, Emiko; Nakayama, Masayoshi; Kameari, Naoko; Tanikawa, Natsu; Morita, Yasumasa; Akita, Yusuke; Hase, Yoshihiro; Tanaka, Atsushi; Ishizaka, Hiroshi

doi:10.5511/plantbiotechnology.26.565

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We previously produced a Xower color mutant, KMrp, from the fragrant cyclamen cultivar 'Kaori-no-mai' (KM) using ion-beam mutagenesis (Kondo et al 2009). Since the major anthocyanin component in petals of KMrp was changed from Mv3,5dG (a major anthocyanin in KM) to delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside (Dp3,5dG), inactivation of a cyclamen OMT enzyme(s) that involved in Xower coloration was indicated in KMrp ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of the fragrant cyclamen O-methyltransferase involved in flower coloration

Akita

Kitamura

Hase

et al. 2011

Planta

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthocyanin O-methyltransferase (OMT) is one of the key enzymes for anthocyanin modification and flower pigmentation. We previously bred a novel red-purple-flowered fragrant cyclamen (KMrp) from the purple-flowered fragrant cyclamen 'Kaori-no-mai' (KM) by ion-beam irradiation. Since the major anthocyanins in KMrp and KM petals were delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside and malvidin 3,5-diglucoside, respectively, inactivation of a methylation step in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway was indicated in KMrp. We isolated and compared OMT genes expressed in KM and KMrp petals. RT-PCR analysis revealed that CkmOMT2 was expressed in the petals of KM but not in KMrp. Three additional CkmOMTs with identical sequences were expressed in petals of both KM and KMrp. Genomic PCR analysis revealed that CkmOMT2 was not amplified from the KMrp genome, indicating that ion-beam irradiation caused a loss of the entire CkmOMT2 region in KMrp. In vitro enzyme assay demonstrated that CkmOMT2 catalyzes the 3' or 3',5' O-methylation of the B-ring of anthocyanin substrates. These results suggest that CkmOMT2 is functional for anthocyanin methylation, and defective expression of CkmOMT2 is responsible for changes in anthocyanin composition and flower coloration in KMrp.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of the fragrant cyclamen O-methyltransferase involved in flower coloration

Akita

Kitamura

Hase

et al. 2011

Planta

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We anticipated that we could obtain delphinidin-type cyclamen by inactivating the methylation step from delphinidin to malvidin. A red-purple mutant, 'KMrp' (Figure 1I), was successfully obtained, and the major anthocyanin component was identi ed as delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside (Dp3,5dG) (Kondo et al 2009). We further analyzed KMrp at the molecular level to identify the gene responsible for the color di erences between KM and KMrp.…”

Section: Identification Of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Gene Homologues Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an efficient mutagenesis technique using ion beams: Toward more controlled mutation breeding

Hase

Akita

Kitamura

et al. 2012

Plant Biotechnology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ion beams have been used as a mutagen to improve the e ciency of plant mutation breeding. Mutation breeding is sometimes perceived as a random process. In this review, we describe our recent progress in developing a more e cient mutagenesis technique using ion beam irradiation combined with sucrose pretreatment or subsequent reirradiation. To shorten the time required for breeding new cultivars of cyclamen, we identi ed anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and examined the e ectiveness of PCR screening of irradiated deletion-mutant candidates at early growth stages. We believe this research is a step toward more e cient and controlled mutation breeding using ion beams. Key words:Anthocyanin, Cyclamen, ower color, ion beam, mutation breeding.Mutation breeding has provided significant benefits to agriculture. More than 3,000 mutant crop varieties have been produced over the past 60 years (Mutant Variety Database, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme). Most of those varieties were created using ionizing radiation, chiefly gamma-rays. High-energy ion beams that are generated by accelerators have been shown to have greater biological e ects than gamma-rays. Increasing evidence suggests that ion beams efficiently induce mutations . us, mutation breeding using ion beams is an e ective means of generating new plant varieties. However, mutation breeding is sometimes regarded as random, and whether the desired mutant traits can be obtained in the plant material of interest is, in fact, o en uncertain. Mutability varies, even between varieties of the same plant species. We carried out this research project to make mutation breeding a more e cient and controlled technique.We believe that there are three factors important to the success of mutation breeding: the e ciency of mutagenesis, the starting plant material, and mutant screening. e e ciency of mutagenesis is determined by the probability of obtaining the desired mutant traits. e frequency with which desired mutants appear is generally very low. More e cient techniques to induce desired mutations will greatly bene t mutation breeding. e starting plant material is important because the genetic background of the parent plant generally defines the range of mutant traits that can be obtained. Identi cation of the genes associated with valuable traits would help in understanding the genetic background and choosing suitable starting material. Finally, the e ciency of mutant screening has a great impact on the cost of mutation breeding, especially in species, such as cyclamen, that require long periods before the mutant traits can be evaluated.e ability to screen candidate mutants at an early growth stage based on genetic information associated with the desired traits would be highly advantageous.is review summarizes our recent work to improve these three important factors in mutation breeding. We describe the development of an e cient mutagenesis technique using ion beam irradiation combined with pretreatment or subsequent re-irradiation. We analyzed flower-color mutants of cyclamen t...

show abstract

“…Another redpurple flower color mutant was obtained from ionbeam irradiated mutants of KM ( Figure 3C) (Kondo et al 2009). e major anthocyanin of this mutant was found to be delphinidin 3, 5dG).…”

Section: Color Changes By a Decrease In Co-pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive analyses of anthocyanin and related compounds to understand flower color change in ion-beam mutants of cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Nakayama

Tanikawa

Morita

et al. 2012

Plant Biotechnology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We analyzed flower color mutants of cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) obtained by ion-beam irradiation with an idea that a comprehensive analysis of anthocyanin and its biosynthetically related compounds, such as avonols and cinnamic acid derivatives, is necessary in order to understand ower color expression mechanism. In this review, we discuss mechanisms for ower color mutation and deduce the following ideas: anthocyanin and its biosynthetically related compounds are cooperatively and compensatively regulated; multiple factors are o en concerned in the expression of the same color phenotypes; and changes in chemical structure of a pigment induces new properties that generate novel phenotypes. Key words:Anthocyanins, carnation, co-pigments, cyclamen, ion beam.Although ion beam irradiation has been recognized as an e ective technique for plant mutation breeding, this technique tends to be thought of as 'not a scienti c' procedure that depends on contingencies (Tanaka (2012) in this issue). As Tanaka described in the preface of this issue, we are trying to enhance the theoretical aspects of ion beam mutation and show that this is a 'scienti c' and more e cient technique than what is imaged. e main focus of our research has targeted ower-color mutations in cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), whose major pigments are anthocyanins, expecting that the studies of flower color expression mechanism could lead to principle to 'theoretically' obtain mutants.Research of the chemical structure of individual ower pigments is insufficient approach for understanding the regulation of ower color. We now understand the necessity for comprehensive analysis of anthocyanins and biosynthetically related compounds, such as avonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives. In this review, we discuss ower color expression mechanism in ion-beam mutants, presenting the results of our comprehensive analyses. It is noted that we here use a word ' avonoids' meaning flavones and flavonols that are so called 'colorless' avonoids excluding anthocyanins. Flower color is classi ed based on two factors: color depth and coloration. Color depth basically reflects pigment concentration. In a mutant altered in color depth, metabolic activity leading to the biosynthesis of the pigments could have been changed at any step in the pathway. Compounds partially sharing a common biosynthetic pathway with anthocyanins are avonoids such as avone and avonol, and cinnamic acid derivatives such as coumaric acid and ca eic acid (Figure 1). e composition of these compounds changes corresponding to the mutated step in the biosynthetic pathway, and therefore, we can putatively assign the mutation step based on the compositional change. e

show abstract

Red-purple flower due to delphinidin 3,5-diglucoside, a novel pigment for Cyclamen spp., generated by ion-beam irradiation

Cited by 44 publications

References 10 publications

Isolation and characterization of the fragrant cyclamen O-methyltransferase involved in flower coloration

Isolation and characterization of the fragrant cyclamen O-methyltransferase involved in flower coloration

Development of an efficient mutagenesis technique using ion beams: Toward more controlled mutation breeding

Comprehensive analyses of anthocyanin and related compounds to understand flower color change in ion-beam mutants of cyclamen (Cyclamen spp.) and carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About