Red propolis hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the formation of Candida albicans biofilms on denture surface

Abstract

Background To evaluate the antifungal activity of the red propolis hydroalcoholic extract (RPHE) against Candida albicans biofilms. Material and Methods The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC) of the RPHE were determined by the microdilution technique. C. albicans biofilms were formed on the surface of resin specimens preconditioned with artificial saliva (1h). The specimens (N=48) were equally divided according to the four solutions used for anti-biofilm evaluation (n=12 per group). After overnight incubation, biofilms were daily exposed (2x/day for 15 min) along 3 days with 3% RPHE, 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 50,000 IU/mL nystatin (NYS) or saline (0.9% NaCl). Biofilms were analyzed regarding the number of viable microorganisms (CFU/mL), the metabolic activity (MTT assay) and the proportion of hyphae (optical microscopy). Results The MIC and MFC of RPHE were respectively 0.29 mg/mL (0.03%) and 1.17 mg/mL (0.12%). There was no difference in the microorganisms’ viability (CFU/mL) among groups treated with RPHE (4.92×103), CHX (3.33×102) or NYS (6.8×104), being all of them different from NaCl (3.93×107) ( p <0.05). The CHX (0.133) had the lowest metabolic activity ( p <0.05), followed by RPHE (0.292) and NYS (0.302) ( p >0.05). All experimental groups had a mean proportion of hyphae <10%, lower than NaCl (70%). Conclusions RPHE has antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilms, suggesting its use for the biofilm control on denture surfaces. Key words: Propolis, Candida albicans, biofilm, dentures, antifungal agents.

Antifungal Properties of Chemically Defined Propolis from Various Geographical Regions

“…Antifungal activities of various extracts of propolis have been examined against several yeasts, such as Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsisolis, C. tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae [13,[16][17][18]21,50,[54][55][56][57][60][61][62][63][64], as well as against molds, such as Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp., Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Mucor mucedo, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus stolonifera, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Trichophyton spp. [9,19,43,64].…”

“…It should be emphasized that the number of studies on the evaluation of the effects of propolis in vulvovaginal candidiasis (opportunistic fungal infection) is increasing [25,27,71,72]. New trends in antifungal research of propolis include also assessment of anti-candidal activities i.e., in orthodontic materials (green propolis) [73], dental surface (red propolis) [61,74], in treatment of chronic periodontitis (red propolis) [75], in caries (Brazilian and European propolis) [53]. The third research area is endemic and rare diseases.…”

An Overview of the Evidence and Mechanism of Drug–Herb Interactions Between Propolis and Pharmaceutical Drugs

“…However, no synergism was observed for the combination of propolis extract with anidulafungin against the tested fungal species compared to anidulafungin alone, although obvious cell damage was detected ( Pippi, Lana, 2015 ). Two studies showed that the antifungal activity of propolis was associated with inhibiting the synthesis of the fungal cell wall formation and biofilm via inhibiting the formation of β-1, 3-D-glucan ( Flevari, Theodorakopoulou, 2013 ; Leite, Martins, 2020 ). Thus, it is speculated that synergistic interaction between propolis and fluconazole was likely attributed to the action of propolis to damage the fungal cell wall, facilitating intracellular transportation of fluconazole with high permeability.…”

BAHAN HERBAL MENGANDUNG SENYAWA FLAVONOID SEBAGAI PENGOBATAN DENTURE STOMATITIS: Scoping Review

“…Artikel scoping review ini tentang "Bahan Herbal Mengandung Senyawa Flavonoid Sebagai Pengobatan Denture Stomatitis" sudah melewati proses seleksi dan pencarian sumber bukti. Artikel diperoleh dari sumber Capistrano et al, 2013;Keerthika et al, 2020;Leite et al,2020;Junaedi et al, 2013;Syaula et al,2021;Ria Koesoemawati., 2021;Khatima et al,2021;Aji et al,2020;Putri et al,2020;Dharmautama et al,2019;Sokolonski et al,2021;Alavarce et al, 2015;Ghorbani et al,2018 Menurut penelitian (Aji et al, 2020;Putri et al, 2020), mekanisme flavonoid sebagai anti jamur yaitu dengan cara berikatan dengan struktur fosfolipid dinding sel jamur sehingga terjadi perubahan struktur dinding sel jamur.29 Hal ini akan menyebabkan permeabilitas terganggu dan proses difusi juga terganggu sehingga menyebabkan jamur mati. Menurut (Syaula et al, 2021).…”