Red Phosphorus Nanoparticle@3D Interconnected Carbon Nanosheet Framework Composite for Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes

Abstract

Red phosphorus (P) has been recognized as a promising storage material for Li and Na. However, it has not been reported for K storage and the reaction mechanism remains unknown. Herein, a novel nanocomposite anode material is designed and synthesized by anchoring red P nanoparticles on a 3D carbon nanosheet framework for K-ion batteries (KIBs). The red P@CN composite demonstrates a superior electrochemical performance with a high reversible capacity of 655 mA h g at 100 mA g and a good rate capability remaining 323.7 mA h g at 2000 mA g , which outperform reported anode materials for KIBs. The transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculation results suggest a one-electron reaction mechanism ofP + K + e → KP, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of 843 mA h g ,which is the highest value for anode materials investigated for KIBs. The study not only sheds light on the rational design of high performance red P anodes for KIBs but also offers a fundamental understanding of the potassium storage mechanism of red P.

Interlayer Expanded SnS2 Anchored on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Nanosheets with Enhanced Potassium Storage

“…Besides, the larger radius of K + ions (1.40 Å), compared with Na + (1.02 Å) and Li + (0.76 Å) will easily cause an inferior structure stability associated with severe capacity degradation after several (dis)charge cycles due to the pulverization and aggregation of nanostructure ,. In light of the similar storage mechanism to LIB, various researches about applying mature anode materials of LIB, such as alloy materials, metal phosphide, have been done to improve the specific capacity and enhance the electrochemical performances of PIB ,. However, those materials are often stuck with sluggish electrochemical kinetics and huge volume variation on account of the repeating (de)intercalation process of large K + ion.…”

“…[14,16] In light of the similar storage mechanism to LIB, various researches about applying mature anode materials of LIB, such as alloy materials, metal phosphide, have been done to improve the specific capacity and enhance the electrochemical performances of PIB. [17,18] However, those materials are often stuck with sluggish electrochemical kinetics and huge volume variation on account of the repeating (de)intercalation process of large K + ion.…”

Electrolyte Chemistry Enables Simultaneous Stabilization of Potassium Metal and Alloying Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

“…[1] Generally,a lloying anodes such as tin (Sn), phosphorus (P), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), and Sn 4 P 3 that work via the alloying-dealloying mechanism are regarded as appealing electrode materials for high-performance KIBs ( Figure 1A). [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] However, KIBs based on alloying anodes deliver unsatisfactory fast capacity decay during cycling. On the one hand, large volume change of alloying anodes during potassiation and depotassiation leads to solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) rupture and material pulverization.…”

Confined Metal Sulfides Nanoparticles into Porous Carbon Nanosheets with Surface‐Controlled Reactions for Fast and Stable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Then, the 2D porous carbon nanosheets decorated with metal nanoparticles were prepared by chemical blowing and carbonization of the mixture at different temperature of 600, 650 and 700 °C, respectively. During this process, the released gas accompanying with the decomposition of iron nitrate could benefit to the formation of large size carbon sheets, while sodium compounds and metal nanoparticles could be conducive to make nanopores in carbon nanosheets . Finally, the FeS@PCSs composites can be obtained by mixing up Fe 2 O 3 @PCSs with sulfur and following calcinated the mixture at 150 °C and subsequently at 550 °C under Ar gas flow.…”