Red orange and lemon extract prevents the renal toxicity induced by ochratoxin A in rats

Abstract

In this work, we investigated the effects of red orange and lemon extract (RLE) on ochratoxin A (OTA)‐induced nephrotoxicity. In particular, we analyzed the change in renal function and oxidative stress in Sprague–Dawley rats treated with OTA (0.5 mg/kg body weight, b.w.) and with RLE (90 mg/kg b.w.) by oral administration. After OTA treatment, we found alterations of biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in the kidney, related to a severe decrease of glomerular filtration rate. The RLE treatment normalized the activity of antioxidant enzymes and prevented the glomerular hyperfiltration. Histopathological examinations revealed glomerular damages and kidney cortex fibrosis in OTA‐rats, while we observed less severe fibrosis in OTA plus RLE group. Then, we demonstrated that oxidative stress could be the cause of OTA renal injury and that RLE reduces this effect.

Effects of Curcumin on the Renal Toxicity Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rats

“…Therefore, the main antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, SOD and GPx, play a crucial role in protection against oxidative stress [39]. The results obtained in this study, in accordance with our previous works [7,21,27], confirmed that the renal toxic effects of OTA, both on a functional and histopathological level, is mediated by oxidative stress. Actually, in this study we found an increase of MDA in the kidneys of rats treated with OTA, which is an index of membrane lipid damage, and a decrease mainly in the activity of GPx, in line with the study conducted by Bertelli, et al [40,41].…”

“…Thus, the administration of antioxidants that counteract oxidative stress may protect kidneys from damage. Nephrotoxicity studies have confirmed the authentic roles of bioactive compounds to reduce chronic renal failure [27,[34][35][36]. The present study investigated CURC effects on OTA-induced toxicity using an in vivo animal model.…”

“…Due to good intestinal absorption, CURC increased the body weights of rats intoxicated by OTA after 14 days of treatment and, therefore, demonstrated a protective effect on the body weight of rats, considering that body weight is a main indicator for the assessment of toxic impacts of various drugs or chemicals on animals [38]. Actually, in our previous works carried out on rats treated with OTA we have always found a significant decrease in body weight compared to the control group subjects, as index of toxicity [7,27]. It is well-known that oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant systems, which could be due to elevated free radical generation and decreased antioxidant activity.…”

“…The hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used to score the severity of glomerular damage, tubular damage, inflammation, and the presence of proteinaceous material in Bowman's spaces and tubule lumen from 0 to 3 (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = intense). The severity of the fibrosis was evaluated on the Masson's trichrome stained section with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health) as previously described [27].…”

Curcumin as an Anticancer Agent in Malignant Mesothelioma: A Review

“…Some advances in cancer therapies have been recently reached thanks to the introduction of alternative approaches, including the use of several phytochemicals which are able to significantly reduce tumor progression and to improve healing and survival [24][25][26].…”