Red or Blue? The Importance of Digital Literacy in African Rural Communities

Slay, Hannah; Dalvit, Lorenzo

doi:10.1109/csse.2008.269

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Internet connectivity was provided to the Dwesa-Cwebe rural area in South Africa via VSAT technology, with WiMAX used to distribute the signal to the subscribers [289,290,368]. This allowed citizens to be more informed about announcements posted on government websites that were related to their daily lives, e.g., see [369]. IEEE 802.22 WRAN was tested in South Africa by providing access to several secondary schools, and results comparable to WiMAX were obtained [196].…”

Section: G South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2020

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Providing connectivity to around half of the world population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. Access to the internet would provide the population living in these areas a possibility to progress on the educational, health, environment, and business levels. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Although access/fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed in the paper, it is noted that the major limitation for providing connectivity to rural and underprivileged areas is the cost of backhaul deployment. In addition, energy requirements and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. In fact, the challenges faced for deploying an electricity network, as a prerequisite for deploying communication networks, are huge in these areas and they are granted an important share of the discussions in this paper. Furthermore, typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. The main

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Section: G South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2020

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“…Internet connectivity was provided to the Dwesa-Cwebe rural area in South Africa via VSAT technology, with WiMAX used to distribute the signal to the subscribers [222,223,342]. This allowed citizens to be more informed about announcements posted on government websites that were related to their daily lives, e.g., see [343]. IEEE 802.22 WRAN was tested in South Africa by providing access to several secondary schools, and results comparable to WiMAX were obtained [175].…”

Section: G South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

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DRAFT 4) Hyper Connected: This scenario corresponds to people enjoying state-of-the-art connectivity, e.g., at least 4G and possibly 5G cellular connectivity, and/or with high speed fixed DSL or FTTH or FTTN connectivity. These subscribers typically live in urban areas, and it is extremely difficult to find them in rural areas, due to the numerous barriers discussed previously. This paper surveys the literature aiming to provide basic connectivity to the unconnected population, or aiming to increase the connectivity level of those with basic connectivity ("Under Hence, the challenges for FSO in space are less critical, and indeed significantly better performance can be achieved, especially due to the fact that the optical signal is not traversing the atmosphere. In 2008, an optical inter-satellite link achieved a data rate transmission of 5.6 Gbps for distances up to 5, 000 km in the European Data Relay satellite System (EDRS). Newer terminals can transmit at a data rate of 1.8 Gbps for distances up to 45, 000 km. The intersatellite Ka band link achieved 300 Mbps [44]. In EDRS, LEO satellites relay the data from ground stations to GEO satellites using FSO for the GEO-LEO satellite communication, and RF bands for communication with the ground stations (similarly to the satellite-satellite Ka link, the satellite-ground Ka link achieved 300 Mbps) [44]. Some of the recent satellite constellations discussed in Section II-E, e.g., Starlink, are also expected to use FSO for its inter-satellite communication [45,46,47]. D. HAPs/Drones/UAVs/BalloonsTo solve the coverage problem in large rural areas without relying on the deployment of costly wired infrastructure for backhaul, HAPs and UAVs are generally recommended [48].UAVs are proposed in [49] to provide backhaul connectivity for ground 5G base stations. A steering algorithm to allow the antennas of the UAV and the ground BS to be dynamically steered towards each other is proposed in [49], and tested via an experimental setup. In[50], a multihop network of HAPs is proposed for providing backhaul connectivity to TVWS deployments in rural areas. The HAPs communicate with each other using mmWave frequencies, and with the ground stations using FSO.An interference alignment scheme to maximize the sum-rate capacity of HAPs communicating with GSs is proposed in [51]. The scheme assumes M HAP drones and N GSs, with no CSI at the HAPs. A tethered balloon with (M − 1) × (N − 1) antennas is used as a decode and forward (DF) relay with half-duplex operation: The HAPs transmit their data to the GSs first, then the tethered balloon relays the data after performing pre-coding [51].Aerostats filled with lighter than air gas are tethered to the ground and used to provide connectivity to rural areas in [52]. Although these tethered aerostats can be used to provide backhaul connectivity by communicating with each other using directive antennas, they were also used in [52] to provide fronthaul WiFi access by using high gain omnidirectional antennas.

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“…Studies have observed a variety of digital literacy practices with practice and according to geographical location, socio-economic status, gender, and culture. One good example was put forward by Slay and Dalvit (2008) who explained the direct impact of digital literacy and internet connectivity on poverty alleviation in South African village communities [15]. They explained that examples of areas in South Africa such as Dwesa are not isolated village examples, but with the willingness to learn ICT and digital literacy properly and correctly the impact seen will be quickly seen and the benefits will be felt in that environment only lack of access that makes the project this is difficult to penetrate all circles.…”

Section: Research and Disscusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Digital Literacy in Social Media for Indonesian Netizen

Suwito¹,

Zamzani²

2019

Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 1st Seminar and Workshop on Research Design, for Education, Social Science, Arts, and Hum

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Social media is a powerful tool for updating knowledge, news, and events that occur faster than television. The importance of digital literacy is a powerful stick for fighting rampant social media crime. There are many ways to prevent bad things from happening to social media users. The purpose of this article is to explain the importance of digital literacy for the general public, especially Indonesia. The recent incident with junior high school students was a sad portrait of social media. Evil comments seem to be a natural thing found in every news about them. The lack of attitude in cyberspace is the homework of today's generation. Things like this are not only in Indonesia, almost all the world experiences it and must be reminded often that the polite and polite attitude in the world can be applied. Low awareness of the "code of ethics" social media becomes a complex problem and the need for learning and early application to the current generation in particular. This article uses documentation research and reviews online news content about events on social media. The result is that people, Indonesia in particular, are still not very good at dealing with viral things on the internet.

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Red or Blue? The Importance of Digital Literacy in African Rural Communities

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

The Importance of Digital Literacy in Social Media for Indonesian Netizen

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