“…2 Its highly alkaline nature makes it difficult to store and dispose, thereby contaminating soil and water. 3 Recycling red mud is crucial because of its diverse application in several fields such as brick manufacturing, 4 radiation shielding materials, 5 and cement and concrete production. 6 Moreover, being a valuable source of various metal ions, 7 red mud with a high percentage of iron content can be an attractive option for developing iron oxide-based catalysts for different redox reactions.…”