Red Meat Intake and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: While the incidence of non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL) has been rising worldwide, the reasons remain undefined. Recent research has focused on effect of red andf processed meat intake as a risk factor, but with inconclusive results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of data published to date, to ascertain the overall association between intake and NHL. Materials and Methods: A published literature search was performed through Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Science Citation Index Expanded databases for articles published in English. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random or fixed effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi-square and I2 statistics. Dissemination bias was evaluated by funnel plot analysis.We performed a formal meta-analysis using summary measures from these studies. Results: In total, 11 published studies were included in the final analysis. The combined analysis revealed that there was significant association between the red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.10, 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.19, p=0.01). Additionally, there was showed significance association between processed red meat and NHL risk (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.06 to 1.29, p=0.001). In subgroup analysis, a statistical significant association was noted between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.37, P=0.01) and red meat intake. Conclusions: In this meta-Analysis, there was evidence for association between consumption of red meat, or processed meat and risk of NHL, particularly with the DLBCL subtype in the red meat case.

Epidemiology and trend of common cancers in Iran (2004-2008)

“…; Fallahzadeh et al . ). The fatality rate determined reduction pattern of the disease in Western countries during the past two decades, while there was an increasing trend in a number of Eastern European countries (Pelucchi et al .…”

“…Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. In 2009, the incidence of cancer in United States was 71 000 cases, and fatality rate about 14 000 cases (Jemal et al 2009;Fallahzadeh et al 2014). The fatality rate determined reduction pattern of the disease in Western countries during the past two decades, while there was an increasing trend in a number of Eastern European countries (Pelucchi et al 2006), similar to our findings.…”

“…Cancer is responsible for 13% of all deaths, and considered the second leading cause of death in the world. It is the third cause of death, and more than 30 000 people annually die from cancer in Iran Fallahzadeh et al 2014). Every year, 7.6 million people die from cancer worldwide.…”

Dietary fruit, vegetable, fat and red and processed meat intakes and Barrett’s esophagus risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Recently, meats, particularly red and processed meat intakes, have been reported as risk factors for oral cavity and oropharynx cancer2829, EAC303132, gastric cancer3334, colorectal cancer353637, pancreatic cancer38, hepatocellular carcinoma39, breast cancer4041, lung cancer4243, renal cancer44, bladder cancer4546, ovarian cancer47, brain tumors48, glioma49, non-Hodgkin lymphoma50, type 2 diabetes51, stroke52 and coronary heart disease53. Red and processed meats are one of the major sources of nitrate and N-nitroso compounds, which are considered to be carcinogenic in humans and risk factors of BE54; however, it is worth mentioning that not all cooked meats increase BE risk.…”

Research gaps in evaluating the relationship of meat and health

“…A meta-analysis of 11 studies that examined correlations of red or processed meat intake with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) summarized results from 10 case-control studies and a single prospective cohort study (Fallahzadeh, Cheraghi, Amoori, & Alaf, 2014). Those consuming the highest amounts of either red meat or processed meat showed significantly elevated RR of 1.10 and 1.17, respectively, for NHL.…”