Red foxes (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) in Ireland as hosts for parasites of potential zoonotic and veterinary significance

Wolfe, Alan; Hogan, Sean A.; Maguire, Donal; Fitzpatrick, C.E.; Vaughan, Laurence M.; Wall, Debra K.; Hayden, Thomas J.; Mulcahy, Grace

doi:10.1136/vr.149.25.759

Cited by 75 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This was also the case in studies reporting the results of the examination of faecal samples collected directly from dogs or dog droppings (Kulišić et al 1998;Founta et al 2000;Omeragić et al 1998;Lefkaditis 2003;Omeragić 2003;Lefkaditis et al 2005;Pavlović and Kulišić 2005;Papazahariadou et al 2007;Nikolić et al 2008;Tudor 2008); however, infection rates were generally lower compared to the findings in necropsy studies. Results of single faecal examination must be interpreted in the knowledge that comparisons between the findings of direct parasite recovery and coproscopical examination in canids have shown that faecal examination may substantially underestimate the prevalence of several intestinal helminths including T. canis (Lillis 1967;Wolfe et al 2001). Consistent with the findings of surveys from other geographic regions (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Principal intestinal parasites of dogs in Tirana, Albania

et al. 2010

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From 2004 to 2009, the digestive tracts of 111 dogs from suburban areas around Tirana, Albania, were examined for intestinal helminths. In addition, rectal faecal samples of all dogs were examined for protozoan infections and 48 faecal samples from dogs >6 months of age were processed with the Baermann technique to test for the excretion of lungworm larvae. The heart and pulmonary arteries of 30 dogs >6 months of age also were examined for nematode parasites. The intestinal parasite fauna of the dogs included three protozoan species (Cystoisospora canis, Cystoisospora ohioensis/burrowsi, Sarcocystis spp.), three cestode species (Dipylidium caninum, Taenia hydatigena, Echinococcus granulosus), five nematode species (Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis) and one acanthocephalan (Centrorhynchus buteonis). Rates of infection were: 15.3% for C. canis, 31.5% for C. ohioensis/burrowsi, 1.8% for Sarcocystis spp., 65.8% for D. caninum, 16.2% for T. hydatigena, 2.7% for E. granulosus (genotype G1), 13.5% for A. caninum, 64.9% for U. stenocephala, 75.7% for T. canis, 0.9% for T. leonina, 21.6% for T. vulpis and 0.9% for C. buteonis. Up to six species of gastrointestinal parasites were found per dog. The 63 ≤ 6-month-old dogs harboured significantly (p<0.001) fewer gastrointestinal parasite species concurrently (mean 2.65 ± 1.25 species per animal) than the 48 older animals (mean 3.77 ± 1.45 species per animal). Dogs >6 months of age harboured significantly (p<0.05) more D. caninum, T. hydatigena, A. caninum, U. stenocephala and T. vulpis compared to younger dogs. Conversely, the younger dogs harboured significantly (p<0.001) more T. canis than the older ones. There was no difference in the male and female dogs' counts of individual intestinal helminth species apart from T. hydatigena in dogs >6 months of age: Male dogs harboured significantly (p<0.05) more tapeworms than female dogs. Based on faecal examination, there was no indication for lungworm infection; however, two adult heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) were found in the right ventricle of one dog.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Principal intestinal parasites of dogs in Tirana, Albania

et al. 2010

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“…and sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. However, the study did not describe the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in the sample population (Wolfe et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Bacterial Pathogens in Faecal Material in the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Population

et al. 2007

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“…A. alata is the most frequently described trematode of the raccoon dog (Thiess 2006) with prevalence data ranging from <10 to nearly 70% (Schuster et al, 1993). Moreover, the number of parasites that were found per individual animal varied strongly and ranged from 1 to 1.533 adult helminthes (e.g., Borgsteede 1984, Castro et al, 2008, Moks et al, 2006, Shimalov et al, 2000a, 2001a, b, c, 2002, 2003, Wolfe et al, 2001. Although only the definitive host of the parasite excretes its contagious eggs, transition of mesocercariae between paratenic hosts is quite common (Odening 1963, Hiepe 1985.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 98%

Biology of Alaria spp. and human exposition risk to Alaria mesocercariae—a review

Grosse²,

et al. 2009

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Recent incidental background findings of Alaria alata mesocercariae ["Distomum muscularis suis," Duncker, 1896] in meat of wild boars during official Trichinella inspection initiated a re-assessment of the potential human health risk as posed by this parasite. The present review of the literature on Alaria biology shows that the human exposition risk should no longer be accepted to be negligible, as it demonstrates a general lack of knowledge in relevant areas of Alaria biology confounding any risk analysis. Sound risk assessment needs future studies which should concentrate on the most pressing questions of (1) the optimization and/or development of methods for reliable Alaria mesocercariae detection, (2) the distribution of the mesocercariae within their paratenic hosts, i.e., identification of potential predilection sites, particularly in wild boars, and (3) their prevalence in sylvatic populations of animals with respect to their introduction into the human food chain. Further, the degree and possibly also the species specificity of Alaria mesocercariae tenacity within the paratenic hosts and respective meat as pertaining to food technological treatments need to be elucidated. While these questions remain unanswered, it is an incontrovertible fact that Alaria mesocercariae have a potentially high human pathogenicity by both occupational and alimentary exposition.

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Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Ireland as hosts for parasites of potential zoonotic and veterinary significance

Cited by 75 publications

References 25 publications

Principal intestinal parasites of dogs in Tirana, Albania

Principal intestinal parasites of dogs in Tirana, Albania

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Bacterial Pathogens in Faecal Material in the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Population

Biology of Alaria spp. and human exposition risk to Alaria mesocercariae—a review

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