Red Cell Superoxide Dismutase Is Increased in Iron Deficiency Anemia

Jansson, Linda; Perkkiö, Mikko; Willis, Wayne T.; Refino, Canio J.; Dallman, Peter R.

doi:10.1159/000206222

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although conflicting results have been reported [8,10], it is generally accepted that oxidative stress is increased through increase in oxidant levels and/or decrease in antioxidant enzyme capacities in IDA. Generally, decreased GSH-Px activity along with normal or increased SOD and CAT activity are the main findings in IDA [10,11]. However, in some studies, normal GSH-Px activity along with decreased SOD and CAT activity or decrease in all of these activities was also reported [12,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidant levels and antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, GSH-Px and CAT have been evaluated in several studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Although conflicting results have been reported [8,10], it is generally accepted that oxidative stress is increased through increase in oxidant levels and/or decrease in antioxidant enzyme capacities in IDA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased oxidative stress in IDA subjects was reported in several studies, in which the oxidative status was evaluated using measurement of oxidants, individual antioxidants, or both [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. In these studies, it has been reported that oxidants were increased and antioxidants were decreased, and as a result, the oxidative/anti-oxidative balance shifted toward the oxidative side in patients with IDA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of oxidative status in iron deficiency anemia through total antioxidant capacity measured using an automated method

Aslan¹,

Horoz²,

Çelik³

2011

Turk J Hematol

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Objective: Oxidative stress, an increase in oxidants and/or a decrease in antioxidant capacity, is one of the potential biochemical mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative status and to determine whether there is any relationship between oxidative status and the severity of anemia in patients with iron deficiency anemia using an automated method. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six subjects with iron deficiency anemia and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Serum total antioxidant capacity, serum total peroxide level and oxidative stress index were determined in all study subjects. Results: Serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in patients with iron deficiency anemia than controls (p<0.05), while serum total peroxide level and oxidative stress index were significantly higher (both p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between hemoglobin level and serum total peroxide level, oxidative stress index and total antioxidant capacity (r=-0.504, p<0.05; r=-0.503, p<0.05; r=0.417, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Increased oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia. Supplementation of antioxidant vitamins in conjunction with iron replacement therapy may offer better responses and provide early resolution of symptoms related to iron deficiency anemia. The automated assay is a reliable and easily applied method for measurement of serum total antioxidant capacity in iron deficiency anemia. (Turk J Hematol 2011; 28: 42-6)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of oxidative status in iron deficiency anemia through total antioxidant capacity measured using an automated method

Aslan¹,

Horoz²,

Çelik³

2011

Turk J Hematol

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“…Although studies of iron deficiency previously have documented either impaired mitochondrial function (18) or increased oxidant stress (9,20), no studies have related the two phenomena. Furthermore, no studies have investigated whether iron deficiency can cause mtDNA damage.…”

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confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency and iron excess damage mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in rats

Walter

Knutson

Paler-Martı́nez

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

300

182

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Approximately two billion people, mainly women and children, are iron deficient. Two studies examined the effects of iron deficiency and supplementation on rats. In study 1, mitochondrial functional parameters and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage were assayed in iron-deficient (<5 g͞day) and iron-normal (800 g͞day) rats and in both groups after daily high-iron supplementation (8,000 g͞day) for 34 days. This dose is equivalent to the daily dose commonly given to iron-deficient humans. Iron-deficient rats had lower liver mitochondrial respiratory control ratios and increased levels of oxidants in polymorphonuclear-leukocytes, as assayed by dichlorofluorescein (P < 0.05). Rhodamine 123 fluorescence of polymorphonuclear-leukocytes also increased (P < 0.05). Lowered respiratory control ratios were found in daily high-iron-supplemented rats regardless of the previous iron status (P < 0.05). mtDNA damage was observed in both iron-deficient rats and rats receiving daily high-iron supplementation, compared with ironnormal rats (P < 0.05). Study 2 compared iron-deficient rats given high doses of iron (8,000 g) either daily or every third day and found that rats given iron supplements every third day had less mtDNA damage on the second and third day after the last dose compared to daily high iron doses. Both inadequate and excessive iron (10 ؋ nutritional need) cause significant mitochondrial malfunction. Although excess iron has been known to cause oxidative damage, the observation of oxidant-induced damage to mitochondria from iron deficiency has been unrecognized previously. Untreated iron deficiency, as well as excessive-iron supplementation, are deleterious and emphasize the importance of maintaining optimal iron intake.

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“…Bartal et al (25) found an increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and GSH depletion in red cells exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide. Other investigators have shown increased MDA and GSH-Px activity (26) and increased superoxide dismutase (27) in red blood cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide. However, it should be pointed out that those researchers used t-butyl hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which are stronger oxidants than the ion Fe 3+ used in the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels in human erythrocytes exposed to colloidal iron hydroxide in vitro

Ferreira

Machado

Matsubara

1999

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The free form of the iron ion is one of the strongest oxidizing agents in the cellular environment. The effect of iron at different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 µM Fe 3+ ) on the normal human red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant system was evaluated in vitro by measuring total (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reductase (GSH-Rd) activities. Membrane lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). The RBC were incubated with colloidal iron hydroxide and phosphatebuffered saline, pH 7.45, at 37 o C, for 60 min. For each assay, the results for the control group were: a) GSH = 3.52 ± 0.27 µM/g Hb; b) GSSG = 0.17 ± 0.03 µM/g Hb; c) GSH-Px = 19.60 ± 1.96 IU/g Hb; d) GSH-Rd = 3.13 ± 0.17 IU/g Hb; e) catalase = 394.9 ± 22.8 IU/g Hb; f) SOD = 5981 ± 375 IU/g Hb. The addition of 1 to 100 µM Fe 3+ had no effect on the parameters analyzed. No change in TBARS levels was detected at any of the iron concentrations studied. Oxidative stress, measured by GSH kinetics over time, occurs when the RBC are incubated with colloidal iron hydroxide at concentrations higher than 10 µM of Fe 3+ . Overall, these results show that the intact human RBC is prone to oxidative stress when exposed to Fe 3+ and that the RBC has a potent antioxidant system that can minimize the potential damage caused by acute exposure to a colloidal iron hydroxide in vitro.

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Red Cell Superoxide Dismutase Is Increased in Iron Deficiency Anemia

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of oxidative status in iron deficiency anemia through total antioxidant capacity measured using an automated method

Evaluation of oxidative status in iron deficiency anemia through total antioxidant capacity measured using an automated method

Iron deficiency and iron excess damage mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in rats

Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels in human erythrocytes exposed to colloidal iron hydroxide in vitro

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