Red/blue light ratio strongly affects steady‐state photosynthesis, but hardly affects photosynthetic induction in tomato (<scp><i>Solanum lycopersicum</i></scp>)

Zhang, Yuqi; Kaiser, Elias; Zhang, Yating; Yang, Qichang; Li, Tao

doi:10.1111/ppl.12876

Cited by 39 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The photoperiod (16 hr) and daily integral (11.5 mol m −2 d −1 ) of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were equal between constant irradiance (C, 200 μmol m −2 s −1 ) and fluctuating irradiance (FL, following a sinusoidal pattern during the day and on top of that changing every 5 min in the range of 5–650 μmol m −2 s −1 ; Figure 1). Fluctuations were chosen to be substantial, but not stressful: maximum light intensity was 650 μmol m −2 s −1 , which is typically far from the light saturation point of photosynthesis in tomato leaves (Lanoue et al, 2019; Zhang, Kaiser, Zhang, Yang, & Li, 2019). The FL pattern was repeated daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress and fluctuating light have separate effects on photosynthetic acclimation, but interactively affect biomass

Zhang

Kaiser

Marcelis

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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In nature, soil salinity and fluctuating light (FL) often occur concomitantly. However, it is unknown whether salt stress interacts with FL on leaf photosynthesis, architecture, biochemistry, pigmentation, mineral concentrations, as well as whole-plant biomass. To elucidate this, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings were grown under constant light (C, 200 μmol m −2 s −1) or FL (5-650 μmol m −2 s −1), in combination with no (0 mM NaCl) or moderate (80 mM NaCl) salinity, for 14 days, at identical photoperiods and daily light integrals. FL and salt stress had separate effects on leaf anatomy, biochemistry and photosynthetic capacity: FL reduced leaf thickness as well as nitrogen, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents per unit leaf area, but rarely affected steady-state and dynamic photosynthetic properties along with abundance of key proteins in the electron transport chain. Salt stress, meanwhile, mainly disorganized chloroplast grana stacking, reduced stomatal density, size and aperture as well as photosynthetic capacity. Plant biomass was affected interactively by light regime and salt stress: FL reduced biomass in salt stressed plants by 17%, but it did not affect biomass of non-stressed plants. Our results stress the importance of considering FL when inferring effects of salt-stress on photosynthesis and productivity under fluctuating light intensities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt stress and fluctuating light have separate effects on photosynthetic acclimation, but interactively affect biomass

Zhang

Kaiser

Marcelis

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…The content of photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in grana can be enhanced by the spectrum with red and blue lights [18]. The high proportion of red light in the wavelength with low blue light was found to bring about restriction on photosynthesis, carboxylation, electron transport, triose phosphate use, and leaf thickness [19,20]. These pre-conditions, however, cannot induce any changes in carbohydrate concentration by the monochromic spectrum in the wavelength of red or blue lights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral effect of streetlamps on urban trees: A simulated study on tissue water, nitrogen, and carbohydrate contents in maple and oak

et al. 2021

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Streetlamps enforce night lighting on urban forest trees, but scarce information is available concerning the ecophysiological performance of street trees under these conditions. In this study, maple (Acer truncatum Bunge) and oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) seedlings were cultured with simulated exposure to streetlamp spectra in white (red/green/blue, 7.7:1.0:2.2) and red plus blue (RB; red/green/blue, 4.6:0.0:1.0) lights with photosynthetic photon flux rate of 80 μmol m-2 s-1 in a 18-h photoperiod. Nitrogen (N) was loaded through 15 weekly applications to an amount of 80 mg N plant-1 to mimic the mineral N deposition to landscape trees. Variables of biomass, carbohydrate accumulation, N and water contents were rarely found difference between the two LED-spectra treatments for both species. Compared to the un-lighted control, the RB spectrum lowered N concentration in oak seedlings and water content in maple seedlings. The white light spectrum resulted in an increase of starch concentration. Carbohydrate concentration had a positive relationship with biomass and N content across two species but a negative relationship with water content in maple seedlings. Overall, streetlamp-lights imposed effects on tree growth by a prolonged photoperiod instead of specific spectrum. Maple had a strong response of water uptake to streetlamp lighting at the cost of carbohydrate consumption, but oak had scarce demand of water-use for growth.

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“…Red light (600–700 nm) is the most efficient color for powering photosynthesis, while the energy content of red photons is relatively low (McCree, 1972; Paradiso et al, 2011; Hogewoning et al, 2012), making red the preferred color for supplementary lighting. However, growth and development of plants grown strictly under monochromatic red light are seriously hampered (“red light syndrome”), with symptoms including leaf curling and decreases in photosynthetic capacity, leaf thickness and leaf pigmentation (Hogewoning et al, 2010b; Ouzounis et al, 2016; Trouwborst et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2018). Adding blue light (400–500 nm) has been shown to suppress these symptoms (Hogewoning et al, 2010b; Ouzounis et al, 2016; Trouwborst et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Blue to Red Supplemental Light Increases Biomass and Yield of Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes, but Only to an Optimum

et al. 2019

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Greenhouse crop production in northern countries often relies heavily on supplemental lighting for year-round yield and product quality. Among the different spectra used in supplemental lighting, red is often considered the most efficient, but plants do not develop normally when grown solely under monochromatic red light (“red light syndrome”). Addition of blue light has been shown to aid normal development, and typical lighting spectra in greenhouse production include a mixture of red and blue light. However, it is unclear whether sunlight, as part of the light available to plants in the greenhouse, may be sufficient as a source of blue light. In a greenhouse high-wire tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we varied the percentage of blue supplemental light (in a red background) as 0, 6, 12, and 24%, while keeping total photosynthetically active radiation constant. Light was supplied as a mixture of overhead (99 μmol m-2 s-1) and intracanopy (48 μmol m-2 s-1) LEDs, together with sunlight. Averaged over the whole experiment (111 days), sunlight comprised 58% of total light incident onto the crop. Total biomass, yield and number of fruits increased with the addition of blue light to an optimum, suggesting that both low (0%) and high (24%) blue light intensities were suboptimal for growth. Stem and internode lengths, as well as leaf area, decreased with increases in blue light percentage. While photosynthetic capacity increased linearly with increases in blue light percentage, photosynthesis in the low blue light treatment (0%) was not low enough to suggest the occurrence of the red light syndrome. Decreased biomass at low (0%) blue light was likely caused by decreased photosynthetic light use efficiency. Conversely, decreased biomass at high (24%) blue light was likely caused by reductions in canopy light interception. We conclude that while it is not strictly necessary to add blue light to greenhouse supplemental red light to obtain a functional crop, adding some (6–12%) blue light is advantageous for growth and yield while adding 24% blue light is suboptimal for growth.

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Red/blue light ratio strongly affects steady‐state photosynthesis, but hardly affects photosynthetic induction in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Cited by 39 publications

References 60 publications

Salt stress and fluctuating light have separate effects on photosynthetic acclimation, but interactively affect biomass

Salt stress and fluctuating light have separate effects on photosynthetic acclimation, but interactively affect biomass

Spectral effect of streetlamps on urban trees: A simulated study on tissue water, nitrogen, and carbohydrate contents in maple and oak

Adding Blue to Red Supplemental Light Increases Biomass and Yield of Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes, but Only to an Optimum

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