“…Laurdan staining is a widely applicable method for the characterisation of biological and biophysical systems, including many types of cells, antimicrobial compounds, and supported lipid bilayers (Parasassi et al ., 1990; Parasassi et al ., 1991; Stott et al ., 2008; Brewer et al ., 2017; Leonard et al ., 2018; Malacrida & Gratton, 2018; Montis et al ., 2020). One microlitre of Laurdan 2 mM stock solution (Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR, USA) is added per millilitre of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (Bianchetti et al ., 2019). Laurdan emission resulting from the excitation with a 402 nm laser is recorded simultaneously at two different wavelength intervals, 425â475 nm for the first channel and 500â550 nm for the second.…”