Red blood cell zinc protoporphyrin testing for iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy

Schifman, Ron B.; Thomasson, James E.; Evers, James M.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80157-6

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The concentration of free protoporphyrin IX in erythrocytes is less prone to fluctuations and could therefore be a useful blood test to diagnose iron deficiency late in pregnancy (23, 27).…”

Section: Iron Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron supplementation in pregnancy – evidence and controversies

Haram¹,

Nilsen²,

Ulvik

2001

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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Approximately 20% of women in industrialized countries have iron deficiency in pregnancy. This article focuses on the diagnostic problem of anemia and iron deficiency and discusses different strategies for iron supplementation in pregnancy. S-ferritin is commonly used to diagnose empty iron stores and is considered useful early in pregnancy as a diagnostic tool. Mean cellular volume (MCV), s-Fe and erythrocyte distribution width is too unspecific. Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a relatively novel promising indicator of iron deficiency. Iron demands of the pregnant women are discussed as well as the dietary content of iron. Both beneficial and adverse effects of iron supplementation are outlined. It is not documented that supplementation has any substantial effect on birth weight or various complications in pregnancy. However, supplementation corrects the iron store and biochemical parameters of iron deficiency including hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and maintains the maternal iron stores in the puerperium. Recent literature also suggests that iron supply to the pregnant women may have beneficial effects on the iron content of neonates the first year of life.

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Section: Iron Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron supplementation in pregnancy – evidence and controversies

Haram¹,

Nilsen²,

Ulvik

2001

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…EP concentrations have also been shown to be a reliable indicator of iron status in populations with malaria infection, which is infrequently associated with disease (19). EP also has the advantage that it can be measured under field conditions with a portable hematofluorometer, it is simple and rapid, and can be performed on a capillary blood sample (20,21).…”

Section: Assessment Of Health and Nutritional Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low dietary iron availability is a major cause of anemia: a nutrition survey in the Lindi District of Tanzania

Tatala

Svanberg

Mduma

1998

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

163

122

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A nutrition survey was conducted in the rural Lindi District of Tanzania to determine the magnitude of anemia and iron deficiency in different age and sex groups as related to nutritional status, parasitic infections, food iron intake, and socioeconomic factors. In a 30-cluster sampling design, 660 households were randomly selected and a total of 2320 subjects aged 6 mo to 65 y were examined. Iron status was assessed by measuring hemoglobin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin in a finger-prick sample: 55% of the subjects had anemia and 61% of the anemia was associated with iron deficiency (erythrocyte protoporphyrin > 125 mol/mol heme). Preschool children (aged < 5 y) were the most affected; 84% were anemic (hemoglobin < 110 g/L). Fifty percent of the nonanemic preschool children and Ϸ90% of all the severely anemic subjects were iron deficient. Hemoglobin was lower in schoolchildren (aged 5-14 y) and in adolescent and adult males (aged ≥ 15 y) with a low body mass index. Parasitic infections were only associated with anemia and iron deficiency in schoolchildren and adolescent and adult males. Malaria was associated with anemia (P < 0.001), whereas schistosomiasis was associated with anemia and iron deficiency (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Hookworm infestation was associated with iron deficiency (P < 0.05) and with anemia (P < 0.01) only in adolescents and adults. A mainly cereal-based diet with additional legumes and green vegetables was found by in vitro tests to contain high amounts of total iron but of low bioavailability. Estimation of the amount of iron absorbed confirmed inadequate iron nutrition. Although anemia is a result of a synergism of a variety of causes, iron deficiency remains the major cause.Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:171-8.

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“…More than 90% of anemias result from iron deficiency [7,16]. SCHIFMAN [25] reported that the incidence of iron depletion steadily increases from 22 to 46 per cent between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. HEINRICH [13] stated that nearly 100 per cent of the pregnant women examined had depleted iron stores, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia, ferritin and preterm labor

Ulmer

Goepel²

1988

Jpme

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The results of this study suggest that the additional determination of serum ferritin in pregnancy is necessary for a more reliable classification of iron deficiency. In 300 pregnant women the hematological values (Hb, MCH and serum ferritin) were determined toward the end of gestation. In 36 per cent of the women both Hb values greater than 11 g/dl and MCH values less than 28 pg fail to give evidence of an existing iron deficiency, indicated by serum ferritin values below 20 micrograms/l. The determination of serum ferritin is of particular relevance as a significant correlation was ascertained between low serum ferritin levels and the incidence of preterm labor: 52.3% of the women with serum ferritin levels below 10 micrograms/l and only 9.5% of the women with serum ferritin levels above 20 micrograms/l went into preterm labor. A convincing explanation for this has not yet been found.

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Red blood cell zinc protoporphyrin testing for iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Iron supplementation in pregnancy – evidence and controversies

Iron supplementation in pregnancy – evidence and controversies

Low dietary iron availability is a major cause of anemia: a nutrition survey in the Lindi District of Tanzania

Anemia, ferritin and preterm labor

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