Red Blood Cell Variables in Children and Adolescents regarding the Age and Sex

Gligoroska, Jasmina Pluncević; Gontarev, Serjoza; Dejanova, Beti; Todorovska, Lidija; Stojmanova, Daniela Shukova; Manchevska, Sanja

doi:10.18502/ijph.v48i4.1004

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…On the other hand, a study performed in Tanzanian children aged 13-18 years showed higher RBC count, haemoglobin and haematocrit, but lower MCV in boys when compared to girls ( 20 ). However, our study participants were younger than those included in the above-mentioned studies, suggesting that differences in haematological markers in children should be further considered with respect to gender and age, but also ethnicity ( 19 , 20 ). The latest report from the CALIPER study enrolling 536 children and adolescents of multi-ethnic origin aged 0-21 years has shown that neither haematocrit, MCV or RDW values differed between sexes in the age group correspondent to our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Gender differences in haemoglobin level ad RBC indices are well known in adult populations, but these variations are not sufficiently explored in children ( 18 ). Recently, a study of age and sex differences in RBC variables was conducted in a population of Macedonian children aged 8-18 years ( 19 ). The authors reported higher values of RBC variables in boys, which is in contrast to our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indirect reference intervals for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children

Balog¹,

Dukai²,

Zeljković

et al. 2021

Biochem. med. (Online)

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Introduction: Indirect estimation of reference intervals (RIs) is straightforward and inexpensive procedure for determination of intra-laboratory RIs. We applied the indirect approach to assess RIs for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children, using results stored in our laboratory database. Materials and methods: We extracted data from laboratory information system, for the results obtained by automatic haematology analyser in capillary blood of 154 boys and 146 girls during pre-school medical examination. Data distribution was tested, and logarithmic transformation was applied if needed. Reference intervals were calculated by the nonparametric percentile method. Results: Reference intervals were calculated for: RBC count (4.2-5.4 x1012/L), haemoglobin (114-146 g/L), MCH (25.0-29.4 pg), MCHC (321-368 g/L), RDW-SD (36.1-43.5 fL), WBC count (4.5-12.3 x109/L), neutrophils count (1.7-6.9 x109/L) and percentage (29.0-69.0%), lymphocytes count (1.6-4.4 x109/L) and percentage (21.9-60.7%), PLT (165-459 x109/L), MPV (8.1-11.4 fL) and PDW (9.2-14.4%). Gender specific RIs were calculated for monocytes count (male (M): 0.2-1.6 x109/L; female (F): 0.1-1.4 x109/L) and percentage (M: 2.5-18.3%; F: 1.8-16.7%), haematocrit (M: 0.34-0.42 L/L; F: 0.34-0.43 L/L), MCV (M: 73.4-84.6 fL; F: 75.5-84.2 fL) and RDW (M: 12.1-14.3%; F: 11.7-13.9%), due to observed gender differences in these parameters (P = 0.031, 0.028, 0.020, 0.012 and 0.001; respectively). Estimated RIs markedly varied from the literature based RIs that are used in the laboratory. Conclusions: Indirect method employed in this study enables straightforward assessment of RIs in pre-school children. Herein derived RIs differed from the literature-based ones, indicating the need for intra-laboratory determination of RIs for specific populations and sample types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect reference intervals for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children

Balog¹,

Dukai²,

Zeljković

et al. 2021

Biochem. med. (Online)

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“…The normal iron markers in children with SCA may be attributed to increased red cell turnover and repeated blood transfusion. The values in under-five and male subjects were lowest in this study, probably due to age variability factor and low socioeconomic status [ 17 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Iheanacho et al [ 8 ] and Rao et al [ 18 ] have reported higher Hb in males, although they were not statistically significant. The younger age of male subjects and the predominantly low socioeconomic status of under-five subjects in the current study might explain the observed low mean Hb [ 17 , 19 ]. The mean MCV, MCH and MCHC, which are the markers of iron status, were all within normal ranges [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological Profile of Children With Sickle Cell Anaemia in Steady State

Aliu

Jalo

Quadri

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Introduction Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited, autosomal recessive condition that results from a mutation in the β-globin gene. Vascular occlusion is the underlying mechanism behind a myriad of complications encountered. This vascular occlusion is primarily caused by the increased tendency of red blood cells (RBC) to adhere to the vascular endothelium, and the activation of platelets and total leucocyte count (TLC), hence the need for a steady-state haematological profile in these patients. Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted over four months at a sickle cell clinic. Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, haematocrit, platelet, TLC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of the subjects were recorded and analysed. Results Ninety-nine subjects aged 1-18 years were recruited for the study. There were 53 (53.5%) males. Leucocytosis was seen in 80 (80.8%), anaemia in 99 (100%), and thrombocytosis in 30 (30.3%) patients. The mean Hb, TLC and platelets were 7.9 ± 1.3g/dl, 14.3 ± 4.5 x 10 3 /mm 3 and 391.5 ± 182.6 x 10 3 /mm 3 respectively. Mean MCV, MCH and MCHC were 81.3 ± 7.1 fl, 28.6 ± 2.9 pg and 35.2 ± 1.7 g/dl respectively. Children aged one to four years had the highest TLC (p=0.002) but the lowest mean Hb and platelet (p=0.094 and 0.06) respectively. The mean MCV, MCH and MCHC were lowest in children aged one to four years (p=0.047, 0.001 and 0.001). Conclusion Anaemia, leucocytosis and thrombocytosis are characteristics features of children with SCA, especially in male and younger subjects. Although Iron markers are generally normal in children with SCA, those under the age of five years tend to have lower values.

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“…The study was done at the Institute of Medical and Applied Physiology and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, UKIM, in Skopje, the Republic of North Macedonia, between September 2016 and March 2017. Some findings concerning the investigated population in this paper have been published before (Pluncević Gligoroska et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Anthropological, Hematological and Cardio-Physiological Variables in Physically Active Boys and Girls

et al. 2020

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Physical activity (PA) is stimulatory physiologic stress for the human body and regular PA induces significant changes in many physiological, biochemical and anthropological parameters. The aim of this study is to determine the values and the differences among the cardio-physiological, hematological and anthropological parameters for different age and gender subgroups in healthy physically active children and an adolescent population. An anthropometric evaluation (Matiegka protocol), hematological analysis i.e., red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin level, hematocrit, and ergometrical testing (Brus protocol) were made. Regarding mass and height until the age of 12 (U12), girls were heavier and taller than boys. The mean values for relative muscle mass in all the groups of boys and girls of different ages are in the optimal range (>50%) and indicate well developed muscle mass. There are no differences between the same age subgroups for this anthropometric parameter between the boys and girls. All the subgroups of girls of different ages showed higher body fat percent than their male siblings. Among the girls, RBC variables did not show a difference in the age subgroups. Regarding gender, all RBC variables were significantly higher among the male groups, except the U12. Cardio-physiological parameters of heart frequency at rest, exercise time duration and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), were significantly higher among the boys. In all age-based male subgroups VO2max was higher among the older boys. Conclusion: This study has shown age related changes in anthropological, hematological and ergometrical parameters in a male and female young active population. The girls showed significantly lower levels of cardio-physiological fitness which can be contributed either to gender and lower volume of PA.

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Red Blood Cell Variables in Children and Adolescents regarding the Age and Sex

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Indirect reference intervals for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children

Indirect reference intervals for haematological parameters in capillary blood of pre-school children

Haematological Profile of Children With Sickle Cell Anaemia in Steady State

Anthropological, Hematological and Cardio-Physiological Variables in Physically Active Boys and Girls

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