“…What emerges from our study of patient and public attitudes towards cultured red blood cells is that for some people ‘the “pristine brand-new cells” are thought of as safer, and cleaner than donor cells’ (Hale and Kent 2017). While often scientists and others sought to emphasise that cultured red blood cells were similar (in human character) or equivalent to donated cells and that this enhanced acceptability for some groups, others viewed these cells as different from donated blood and therefore safer and ‘less human’ (Hale and Kent 2017). However, some key stakeholders were unconvinced by the claim that cultured red blood cells could meet unmet demand for some patients, such as those with very rare blood groups, believing that current treatments were comparatively effective and higher costs would not be justified if these new therapies were more expensive.…”