Red Bean Extract Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress in RAW 264.7 Macrophages

Abstract

Red bean (Phaseolus radiatus L. var. Aurea) is a leguminous seed and mainly used as one of the popular ingredients in oriental desserts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 50 g/kg ethanolic extract of red bean (RBE) by measuring lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expressions of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of RBE was determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method and comet assay using H2O2-induced macrophages. The results showed that RBE at the concentrations of 50-200 μg/mL can significantly suppress the inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated macrophages through the reduction of cellular NO and downregulation of the gene expressions of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RBE can diminish H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 macrophage. Phenolic compounds and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from BRE may have efficacy as overall in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Red bean exerts an anti-inflammatory response and has potential as a health-promoting ingredient.

Polyphenol-Rich Dry Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Their Health Benefits

“…Red beans are small, soft red textured, oval-shaped beans. They exert an anti-inflammatory response [ 20 ] and have health-promoting potential with anti-fungal, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities in tumor cells [ 21 , 22 ]. Black beans are known as turtle beans, which are sweet in taste, soft texture, medium-sized, and oval-shaped beans.…”

Antioxidant Activity and the Potential Mechanism of the Fruit From Ailanthus altissima Swingle

“…SOD catalyzes superoxide anions into H 2 O 2 and O 2 , to achieve the purpose of scavenging free radicals. It plays a crucial role in the balance of oxygen utilization by the body ( 38 ). Both CAT and GSH-Px are important peroxidase enzymes that exist widely in the body.…”

Antioxidant Properties and Anti-inflammatory Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extracts of Two Varieties of Bayberry fruit (Myrica rubra Sieb et Zucc.) Prepared by Stirring and Ultrasonic Methods

“…Yen et al (2006) revealed the free radical-scavenging and protective effects of lotus seed extracts against reactive nitrogen, sodium nitroprusside, peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity, and DNA damage in the macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. Chao et al (2015) also reported that the ethanolic extract of red bean (RBE) can diminish H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Phenolic compounds and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from the RBE may have efficacy as overall in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.…”