Recycling Polymer Blend made from Post-used Styrofoam and Polyethylene for Fuse Deposition Modelling

Yap, E P; Koay, Seong Chun; Chan, Ming Yeng; Choo, Hui Leng; Ong, Thai Kiat; Tshai, K.Y.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012021

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“… HDPE PP o-HDPE/o-PP/V-HDPE/V-LDPE/clay/EPR 3-Devo 350 Composer 1.75 Creality 3-D printer 21.4 ± 0.9 Improving the compatibility among immiscible blends Addition of EPR increased elasticity of material [ 71 ] 4. Expanded PS R-PS/LDPE Single screw 1.5–1.75 Creality Ender-3 V2 25–30 Enhancing the printability and thermal stability of final material TS decreased with increase in ductility [ 117 ] 5. PET PP PS R-PET/R-PP/R-PS/SEBS-MA Twin screw 1.75 Lulzbot Taz 6 24.2 ± 1 Making a flexible filament that can easily be 3D printed Elongation at failure improved for all blends [ 109 ] 6.…”

Section: Use Of Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM-based additive manufacturing of recycled thermoplastics and associated composites

Mishra

Negi

Kar

2023

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Hailed since the fourth industrial revolution, three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing (AM) has been extensively implemented in various manufacturing sectors. This process is popular for generating regular products and incorporating innovative designs into the components like auxetic structures, such as fabrication of engineering products, customized implants and sophisticated biomedical devices. Over the years, one of the interesting outputs of this emerging technology is the reuse of waste thermoplastic materials to produce competent products through the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. The strength of FDM components produced from thermoplastic waste is lower than that of virgin plastic FDM counterparts. So, there is a need to understand the significant changes in the recycled thermoplastic material during subsequent extrusions, which are chain scission, change in viscosity and breaking strength. The use of additives has been a promising solution to improve the performance of recycled material for 3D printing applications. Hence, this study aims to provide an overview of reusing plastic waste through FDM-based 3D printing. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the effect of processing on thermo-mechanical properties of recycled plastic FDM parts and the use of various additives to improve the overall quality. In addition, two case studies from open literature have been demonstrated to explain the use of FDM and associated technology for plastic recycling.

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Section: Use Of Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

FDM-based additive manufacturing of recycled thermoplastics and associated composites

Mishra

Negi

Kar

2023

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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“…[4] For example, Philips used FFF approach to fabricate customized pendant and lamp covers. [5,6] Plastic materials play an important role in FFF, especially the material properties. For example, a plastic material with low viscosity is not suitable for FFF printing, especially for object with bridge and overhanging region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This filament has difficulty in FFF print as the filament is significantly brittle and can easily break due to the gear bite. William et al [16] and Yap et al [6] blended the recycled polystyrene (rPS) obtained from post-consumer EPS with virgin polyethylene and PP to produce a more ductile filament. The blending of more ductile plastic materials was found to significantly improve the ductility of printed specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled plastic filament made from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and polypropylene for fused filamant fabrication

Chu

Koay

Chan

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This research focused on developing recycled polymer blend filament from post-consumer expanded polystyrene and single-use polypropylene container for fuse filament fabrication (FFF). In this work, recycled polystyrene (rPS)/ recycled polypropylene (rPP) blend was extruded into filament for FFF printing. The increase in printing temperature obviously reduced the air gaps and improved the interlayer adhesion. However, the printed specimen only exhibited optimum tensile strength at printing temperature of 230 C. The printed specimens with rPS/rPP at 80/20 blend ratio showed the lowest tensile strength due to poor printed layers adhesion caused by incompatibility of polymer blend. However, printed specimens with rPS/rPP at 50/50 blend ratio could achieve optimum strength of 32 MPa. The micrographs proved that the voids in printed specimen were smaller or absent when the printing temperature and rPP content in the blend was increased. This means that the increase in print temperature and rPP content displayed a positive effect on the printed specimens. The effect of blend ratio had significantly increased melt flow and crystallinity of rPS/rPP blend when the rPP content was increased in the blend.However, the increase of melt flow and crystallinity led to noticeable warpage on the printed specimen.

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“…A polymer blend is a mixture that is made up of two or more polymers, and the process of making polymer blend is a relatively inexpensive way of modifying material properties of polymer. This is the main reason for polymer blending being widely used in various industries for developing new polymeric materials that meet their desired outcome on the material properties for industrial applications [8]. In nature, PS possesses high tensile stress and modulus, but it is relatively brittle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating effect of compatibilizer on polymer blend filament from post-used styrofoam and polyethylene for fused deposition modelling

Chow

Koay

Choo

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This research produced the filament by blending the recycled polystyrene (rPS) from post-used Styrofoam and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). This study used polystyrene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PS-g-MA) as a compatibilizer to the rPS/LDPE blend. The formulated filaments were printed into specimens using a FDM printer. The visual inspection results showed that the printed specimens displayed better adhesion as the printing temperature and extrusion rate percentage increased. The addition of PS-g-MA also enhanced the adhesion of the printed layers. In terms of tensile properties, adoption of PS-g-MA also significantly improved the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the printed specimens. Furthermore, the addition of PS-g-MA increased the degree of crystallinity but it has shown no significant effect on the melting temperature. In addition, compatibilized rPS/LDPE blend samples possessed higher onset thermal degradation temperatures than the uncompatibilized rPS/LDPE blend sample, where higher onset thermal degradation temperature indicated that the material has better thermal stability. Overall, PS-g-MA was an effective compatibilizer to the immiscible rPS/LDPE blend filament where improvements of overall material properties and print quality can be observed, and especially with 5 wt% of PS-g-MA compatibilizer content, the tensile, thermal properties and print quality were improved the most.

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Recycling Polymer Blend made from Post-used Styrofoam and Polyethylene for Fuse Deposition Modelling

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

FDM-based additive manufacturing of recycled thermoplastics and associated composites

FDM-based additive manufacturing of recycled thermoplastics and associated composites

Recycled plastic filament made from post‐consumer expanded polystyrene and polypropylene for fused filamant fabrication

Investigating effect of compatibilizer on polymer blend filament from post-used styrofoam and polyethylene for fused deposition modelling

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