Recycling plastics from automotive shredder residues: a review

Buekens, Alfons; Zhou, Xu-Jian

doi:10.1007/s10163-014-0244-z

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Approximately 75% of all the Aluminum ever made is still in productive use [36,37]. Almost 100% of Aluminum is infinitely recyclable as shown in Figure 7 [38,39]. …”

Section: Aluminummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, terminology for plastic recycling is complex since there is a wide range of recovery and recycling activities. There are four recycling categories for plastics: primary (mechanical reprocessing into a product with equivalent properties, often referred to as "closed-loop recycling"), secondary (mechanical reprocessing into products that require lower properties, "downgrading"), tertiary (recovery of chemical constituents, applies when the polymer is de-polymerized to its chemical constituents, "chemical" or "feedstock recycling") and quaternary (recovery of energy, from waste or valorization) [9,[39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Plasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical recycling of PET is considered more successful since de-polymerization under delicate conditions is possible. For example, glycolysis, hydrolysis or methanolysis can break down PET resin to make unsaturated polyester resins [39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Plasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Rolling Stocks

Silva

Kaewunruen

2017

Environments

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This review paper highlights feasible and practicable approaches for managing end-of-life rolling stocks. It aims to promote and enable sustainable procurement policy for rolling stocks. Firstly, it demonstrates that modern rolling stocks can potentially gain the environmental benefits since almost all of their materials used in the rolling stock manufacturing can be recycled and reused. In this study, a brief definition and concept of various train types are introduced and discussed, accompanied by some demonstrative illustrations. Then, component analyses, recovery rates and percent proportion of each material in various rolling stock assemblies have been evaluated. The estimation of material quantities that can potentially be recycled has been carried out using industry data sources. The suitable management procedures for end-of-life rail vehicles are then discussed, together with the life cycle of the key materials in which the recyclability criteria take into account the environmental risks and the best and safest approaches to deal with them. The aim of this study is to increase the awareness of the public, train manufacturers and rail industries on the benefits to the environment from rolling stock recycling, which could result in sustainable society and urban livings.

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“…Approximately 75% of all the Aluminum ever made is still in productive use [36,37]. Almost 100% of Aluminum is infinitely recyclable as shown in Figure 7 [38,39]. …”

Section: Aluminummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recycling of Rolling Stocks

Silva

Kaewunruen

2017

Environments

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“…The emerging risks with respect to the reuse of aged copper includes the toxicity of the worn material, which can contaminate water and underground water that passes through the pipes to rivers [40,41]. Another hazard would be a case in which the deteriorated copper dust enters into the air, through any process that can release this material, and the remaining dust in the air can cause acid/polluted rain, and then will penetrate into the soil and ground water systems.…”

Section: Risk Analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risks and Uncertainty with Respect to the Utilization of Recycled Rolling Stocks

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The railway industry is one of the most important sectors driving growth of regional economies worldwide. The industry has long dealt with both infrastructure and rolling stock. Many of these have reached the end of their lives. This paper highlights the rail policy for managing end-of-life rail vehicles. Initially when manufacturing rolling stock, different materials are considered in design and manufacture such as steel, aluminum, copper, polymers, glass. Based on the high economic and carbon costs of these materials, it is worthwhile to reuse or recycle them after their end-of-life cycle. In this study, three types of trains have been evaluated for comparison: freight, passenger and high speed. The material breakdowns from rail vehicles are evaluated for feasible applications in terms of reusing or recycling train components. We consider every material, taking into account the process of production, remaining life, advantages, disadvantages and potential threats derived from using such residual materials. The key aspects are risks and uncertainty associated with chemical and physical processes, corrosion and its varieties, oxidation, impact on the environment, release of toxicity, and pollution to the soil. These negative effects can indeed harm people, children, and assets in the vicinity. This paper therefore highlights the possibilities of recycling residual materials derived from rolling stock waste and any danger to the environment and the community, so that hazardous waste management can be put in place at the right time. Such insight will better shape sustainability policy for rolling stock procurement in the future.

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“…Around 50% of the light shredder residue contains a combustible portion that can be thermally treated. Although there are new technologies that enable sorting and using up to two-thirds of the mass of the shredder residue, in practice, approximately 67% of the remains, after the shredding process, are landfilled [20][21][22][23][24]. It is noted that the materials derived from shredding process cannot be classified as reusable.…”

Section: Shreddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Rolling Stocks

Silva¹,

Kaewunruen²

2016

Preprint

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This review paper highlights feasible and practicable approaches for managing end-of-life rolling stocks. It aims to promote and enable sustainable procurement policy for rolling stocks. Firstly, it demonstrates that modern rolling stocks can potentially gain the environmental benefits since almost all of their materials used in the rolling stock manufacturing can be recycled and reused. In this study, brief definition and concept of various train types are introduced and discussed, accompanied by some demonstrative illustrations. Then, component analyses, recovery rates and percent proportion of each material in various rolling stock assemblies have been evaluated. The estimation of material quantities that can potentially be recycled has been carried out using industry data sources. The suitable management procedures for end-of-life rail vehicles are then discussed, together with the life cycle of the key materials in which the recyclability criteria take into account the environmental risks and the best and safest approaches to deal with them. The aim of this study is to increase the awareness of the public, train manufacturers and rail industries on the benefits to the environments from rolling stock recycling, which could result in sustainable society and urban livings.

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Recycling plastics from automotive shredder residues: a review

Cited by 67 publications

References 37 publications

Recycling of Rolling Stocks

Recycling of Rolling Stocks

Environmental Risks and Uncertainty with Respect to the Utilization of Recycled Rolling Stocks

Recycling of Rolling Stocks

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