Recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by self-supplied reductant roasting

Wei, Neng; He, Yaqun; Zhang, Guangwen; Feng, Yi; Li, Jinlong; Lu, Qichang; Fu, Yuanpeng

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117107

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Observing the thermogravimetric results of the mixture material (Figure d), three main temperature points showed mass changes throughout the OR process, namely, 328, 445, and 550 °C. Considering that the spent cathode powder contains a small amount of septum as well as organic electrolytes, the mass loss of 0.92% that occurs at 328 °C is explained by the oxidative decomposition and volatilization of the above-mentioned substances in the air . When the temperature rose to about 445 °C, the quality of the material showed great fluctuations, which was owed to a series of chemical reactions occurring at that temperature, including the decomposition and oxidation of pyrite, the redox of high-valent elements, the generation of sulfate, etc., which also fit well with the law of pyrite roasting individually.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Efficiency Preferential Extraction of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Powder via Synergistic Treatment of Mechanochemical Activation and Oxidation Roasting

Su,

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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With the increasing demand for lithium, the improvement of lithium recovery efficiency from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become a popular topic to meet both resource and environmental requirements. Here, by using pyrite as a novel reducing agent, more than 99.9% of lithium can be preferentially and selectively extracted into weakly alkaline solutions after the synergistic treatment of mechanochemical activation (MA) and oxidation roasting (OR). Mechanochemical activation can impart a very high reactivity to the mixture of cathode powder and pyrite, which facilitates the subsequent oxidative roasting and selective recovery of lithium. Many physical properties of ball-milled powder have been investigated to characterize its superiority, and the thermodynamic behavior of the roasting process has also been explored to clarify the specific reaction course. Of particular importance, the environmental implications and economics of the overall process have been explained in detail to show that the whole recovery process is promising.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Efficiency Preferential Extraction of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Powder via Synergistic Treatment of Mechanochemical Activation and Oxidation Roasting

Su,

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Under optimal conditions, the high-valent transition metals in the cathode materials are reduced to their corresponding low-valent metal oxides and elementals. The leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn are all above 99% . Jiang et al incorporated different proportions of pure positive binder PVDF and conductive agent acetylene black into commercial ternary cathode materials and explored the reduction effect and weight of the two positive organic components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The leaching efficiencies of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn are all above 99%. 26 Jiang et al incorporated different proportions of pure positive binder PVDF and conductive agent acetylene black into commercial ternary cathode materials and explored the reduction effect and weight of the two positive organic components. The results show that both materials have thermal reduction ability, and under the same conditions, the reduction ability of acetylene black is better than that of PVDF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Thermal Reduction of Mixture of Organic Components on Cathode Materials of Spent Ternary Lithium-Ion Battery

Lin,

Chu,

Xie

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Spent ternary lithium-ion batteries, containing PVDF binder and acetylene black as conductive agents, have the potential to destroy the stable layered structure of cathode materials during heat treatment due to their reducibility. However, the reduction mechanism of two of the organic components and their mixtures on cathode materials remains unclear. In this work, the in situ thermal reduction of transition metals using inherent organic components is conducted and the reduction mechanisms of mixtures are analyzed deeply. Results revealed that PVDF mainly relies on high-temperature pyrolysis to generate reducing gases along with a small amount of pyrolysis residual carbon. Acetylene black primarily achieves cathode material reduction through carbothermal reduction within a solid−solid reaction system. The temperature for the thermal reduction of PVDF is about 500 °C, which is lower than that of acetylene black (575 °C). PY-GC-MS testing confirmed that the pyrolysis products of mixtures were completely consistent with those of PVDF, indicating that PVDF and acetylene black did not chemically react during thermal reduction. Furthermore, the addition of acetylene black to PVDF had a positive effect on the thermal reduction reaction, enhancing the reduction effect. However, in mixtures with higher acetylene black content and lower PVDF content, increased PVDF emission created greater separation between acetylene black and the cathode materials, negatively affecting the solid−solid reaction and reducing the overall reduction efficiency.

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“…This indicates that during the separation agent treatment process, some substances in the anode materials are dissolved. Additionally, the substances corresponding to CMC (3429.43, 2921.9, 1631.44, 1190.65, 557.01 cm −1 ) and SBR (2747.66, 1766.47, 1582.16 1 , 1079.97 cm −1 ) in the spent anode materials, after treatment with the separation agent, exhibit a significant reduction or disappearance in the absorption peak intensity of CMC. The absorption peak intensity representing SBR decreases to some extent after treatment, suggesting that during the separation process between the anode materials and the current collector, CMC undergoes dissolution, while SBR dissolves to a lesser extent, remaining adhered to the surface of graphite particles.…”

Section: Exploration Of the Mechanism Of The Separation Agent 331 Com...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various electronic products and new energy vehicles due to a series of advantages such as high energy density, no memory effect, and low self-discharge rate. − In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the demand for lithium-ion batteries has grown rapidly. According to statistics, the global demand for lithium-ion batteries will reach 3600 GWh by 2030 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Method to Recover Graphite from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lu,

Wang,

Peng

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This paper introduces an innovative approach to efficiently separate anode materials by leveraging the properties of the organic binder found in the anode sheets of spent lithium-ion batteries. Initially, the study investigates the impact of the liquid/solid ratio, treatment temperature, and treatment time on the separation efficiency of anode materials within an aqueous solution system. The underlying reasons influencing the separation efficiency in this system are thoroughly analyzed. Subsequently, a novel method involving the use of a surfactant as a separating agent is proposed to enhance the efficiency of anode material separation. The study explores influencing factors such as the separating agent concentration, temperature, and time. Under optimal conditions, the separation efficiency of the anode material reaches 100%. The results indicate that the solubility of styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in water gradually decreases with an increase in the liquid−solid ratio in the aqueous solution system, leading to a decrease in the separation efficiency. However, in the surfactant system, the combination of the hydrophilic group in the surfactant molecule and the CMC group in the solution results in surface adsorption, increasing binder molecule solubility and achieving higher separation efficiency, particularly under high liquid−solid ratios. Ultimately, after heat treatment for impurity removal, the anode material achieves a tapped density of 1.06 g/cm 3 . This provides a prelithiated raw material for the further restoration of graphite materials.

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Recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by self-supplied reductant roasting

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

High-Efficiency Preferential Extraction of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Powder via Synergistic Treatment of Mechanochemical Activation and Oxidation Roasting

High-Efficiency Preferential Extraction of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Powder via Synergistic Treatment of Mechanochemical Activation and Oxidation Roasting

Analysis of Thermal Reduction of Mixture of Organic Components on Cathode Materials of Spent Ternary Lithium-Ion Battery

Innovative Method to Recover Graphite from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

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