Recycling of shredded currency waste of Egyptian Central Bank for making good-quality papers

Yehia, Ahmed; Yassin, Khaled E.; Eid, Alaa I.

doi:10.1080/01496395.2017.1395887

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Instead of being discarded after primary use, these residues can be used for the production of value-added products e.g., production of low-cost biofuels [ 3 , 4 ]. Among wastepaper, great attention has been paid to waste banknotes since they cannot be recycled due to their properties, such as the presence of pathogenic bacteria, heavy ink, and presence of formaldehyde melamine resin that provides protection against humidity and makes the digestion process more challenging [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, there is a search for more suitable and environmentally friendly handling options that can be applied to waste banknote paper. Banknote paper is to a large extent made of cotton and thus, has a high percentage of cellulose and low amounts of lignin in its composition, which makes it a suitable feedstock for the production of biofuels [ 7 ]. As banknote paper has high amounts of ink in its composition, a deinking process is required before its further treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As banknote paper has high amounts of ink in its composition, a deinking process is required before its further treatment. The deinking process is composed of three sequential steps: pulping, soaking, and screening [ 7 ]. In the pulping stage, chemical and mechanical methods are used to separate ink and other non-fibrous contaminants from the fibrous material [ 7 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deinking process is composed of three sequential steps: pulping, soaking, and screening [ 7 ]. In the pulping stage, chemical and mechanical methods are used to separate ink and other non-fibrous contaminants from the fibrous material [ 7 , 11 , 12 ]. In the soaking stage, sodium hydroxide is used at high temperatures, followed by sieving and rinsing to separate and remove ink particles from the pulp [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Banknote paper has high amounts of alpha-cellulose in its composition (88 to 96%) which makes it a suitable feedstock for bioethanol and biogas production. However, banknote paper has also a very crystalline structure that requires effective and harsh pretreatments methods to make the cellulose accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis [ 7 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ink and Pretreatment Conditions on Bioethanol and Biomethane Yields from Waste Banknote Paper

et al. 2021

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Waste banknote paper is a residue from the banking industry that cannot be recycled due to the presence of ink, microbial load and special coating that provides protection against humidity. As a result, waste banknote paper ends up being burned or buried, which brings environmental impacts, mainly caused by the presence of heavy metals in its composition. To minimize the environmental impacts that come from the disposal of waste banknote paper, this study proposes to produce value-added products (bioethanol and biogas) from waste banknote paper. For this, the effect of ink and pretreatment conditions on bioethanol and biomethane yields were analyzed. Waste banknote paper provided by the Central Bank of Iran was used. The raw material with ink (WPB) and without ink (WPD) was pretreated using sulfuric acid at different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and the nitrogen explosive decompression (NED) at different temperatures (150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C). The results show that the use of NED pretreatment in WPD resulted in the highest glucose concentration of all studies (13 ± 0.19 g/L). The acid pretreatment for WPB showed a correlation with the acid concentration. The highest ethanol concentration was obtained from the fermentation using WPD pretreated with NED (6.36 ± 0.72 g/L). The maximum methane yields varied between 136 ± 5 mol/kg TS (2% acid WPB) and 294 ± 4 mol/kg TS (3% acid WPD). Our results show that the presence of ink reduces bioethanol and biogas yields and that the chemical-free NED pretreatment is more advantageous for bioethanol and biogas production than the acid pretreatment method. Waste banknote paper without ink is a suitable feedstock for sustainable biorefinery processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ink and Pretreatment Conditions on Bioethanol and Biomethane Yields from Waste Banknote Paper

et al. 2021

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Sustainable industrial technology for recovery of cellulose from banknote production waste and reprocessing into cellulose nanocrystals

Yousef

Hamdy

Tatariants

et al. 2019

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pelarut NaOH dan Waktu Aging pada Pembuatan Silika Gel dari Fly Ash Batu Bara

Batubara,

Turmuzi,

Latifah Syam

et al. 2023

J. Teknik Kimia

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Fly ash has the potential to be used as a raw material in the production of silica gel. This study aims to characterize fly ash and silica gel, determine the effect of NaOH concentration and aging time on the manufacture of silica gel, and determine the trapping power of silica gel. In this research, the production of silica gel begins with the washing of fly ash using HCl. Next, NaOH is added with varying concentrations of 1.5 N, 2.5 N, 3.5 N, and 4.5 N. The formed Na2SiO3 is then mixed with H2SO4 of 3 N concentration, with aging times of 12 hours, 15 hours, and 18 hours. The highest yield of silica gel is 49.61% at a NaOH concentration of 4.5 N and an aging time of 15 hours. The highest water vapor adsorption capacity of the silica gel is 883.00 mg/g at a NaOH concentration of 3.5 N and an aging time of 15 hours. SEM-EDX characterization results indicate a diverse morphology and size for both fly ash and silica gel. The SiO2 content in fly ash is 41.64%, while in silica gel, it is 41.42%. FTIR characterization of fly ash and silica gel reveals the presence of functional groups such as silanol (Si-O), siloxane (Si-O-Si), and hydroxyl (Si-OH) which are active sites in silica gel.

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Recycling of shredded currency waste of Egyptian Central Bank for making good-quality papers

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Ink and Pretreatment Conditions on Bioethanol and Biomethane Yields from Waste Banknote Paper

Effect of Ink and Pretreatment Conditions on Bioethanol and Biomethane Yields from Waste Banknote Paper

Sustainable industrial technology for recovery of cellulose from banknote production waste and reprocessing into cellulose nanocrystals

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pelarut NaOH dan Waktu Aging pada Pembuatan Silika Gel dari Fly Ash Batu Bara

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