Recycling of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Reject Water as a Mixing Water of Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) Cement for Brick Production

Lee, Hwan; Jeon, Dongho; Song, Haemin; Sim, Sung Won; Kim, Do-Hoon; Yu, Jianlin; Oh, Jae Eun

doi:10.3390/app9235044

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This high R 2 value suggests that the linear regression equation obtained is meaningful. In addition, the critical value of variance F 0.05 (4,5) of the regression equation is 6.256, and all variance values of the above formulas are larger than 6.256, so the obtained equation is significant.…”

Section: Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Five samples were prepared in each group, and the specimen was dried to a constant weight using an oven at 105 ± 5 • C, after which the volume (V) and dry weight (G 0 ) of the samples were measured by brick caliper and electronic scale, respectively. The bulk density was calculated according to Equation (4).…”

Section: Bulk Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the development of society and humans progresses, the Earth's land resources, energy and environment are under a great challenge. To satisfy the needs of sustainable development of the Earth's resources and ecological protection, the requirements for construction materials are constantly changing from traditional construction materials to new construction materials [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation, Properties and Microstructure of Non-Calcination Rock Powder Brick with Orthogonal Experiments

Fan

Wang

2021

Applied Sciences

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In this paper, the preparation method and reasonable mix ratio of non-calcination brick with rock powder, cement, lime and fly ash ceramsite (FAC) as the raw materials were experimentally evaluated. To better understand the effects of each component on the performance of non-calcination rock powder brick (NCRPB), an orthogonal experimental design was conducted with the water–cement ratio (W/C), rock powder–cement ratio (R/C), lime content (wl) and FAC content (wf) as the main factors, which involved four factors and three factor levels. According to the orthogonal experimental design, the compressive strength, water resistance and bulk density of nine groups of NCRPB specimens were tested. The results show that R/C was the most important factor affecting the compressive strength and water resistance, while the FAC content influenced the bulk density of NCRPB greatly. In this study, the reasonable mix of W/C, R/C, wl, and wf in weight was 0.6, 3.0, 30% and 21%, respectively. In addition, the microstructure and strength formation mechanism of NCRPB were analyzed by using SEM and XRD. The test results show that the rock powder having pozzolanic activity could react with the additional Ca(OH)2 to produce hydration products, leading to the improvement of the performance of NCRPB.

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Section: Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Bulk Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation, Properties and Microstructure of Non-Calcination Rock Powder Brick with Orthogonal Experiments

Fan

Wang

2021

Applied Sciences

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“…The reverse osmosis (RO) method is commonly used to purify water with high levels of salt, but it produces a large volume (38%) of rejected water with high levels of total dissolved salts (TDS) and other contaminants, such as toxic metals and organic pollutants [16][17][18]. The RO-rejected water (ROR) can be an environmental issue, i.e., because of the high TDS load of metals and organic and inorganic compounds [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight on the Properties of Pumice Mineral for the Combined Adsorption Distillation of Membrane Reject Water

Qureshi,

Gadhi,

Khokhar

et al. 2023

Minerals

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The current study evaluated the use of pumice, a volcanic mineral and common sand, in treating reverse osmosis membrane reject water (ROR) using a novel combined adsorption distillation (CAD) method. The CAD method is developed to separate the dissolved solids through adsorption distillation, i.e., leaving the vaporized distillate as freshwater and concentrated brine. The adsorption potential of pumice and sand was investigated at different adsorbent doses, i.e., 2, 5, and 10 g, and consecutive CAD adsorbent backwashing cycles. The improved results were achieved at a 10 g pumice dose. However, its adsorption efficiency declined in longer CAD cycles, i.e., due to the separated deposition of solids. After backwashing, the adsorbed and accumulated salts were slightly removed, and pumice adsorption capacity was maintained for up to 20 cycles of CAD. The properties of the pumice, i.e., before and after five CAD cycles and after backwashing, were characterized with scanning electron microscopic (SEM), elemental disruptive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed that the porous structure of the pumice was completely accumulated with deposits of ionic salts, which were slightly washed away after backwashing, but accumulation remained continued in post-CAD cycles. The explored method revealed a high potential of pumice in water filtration.

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“…However, currently, there is a growing interest in researching the potential of reusing ROC. For example, Lee et al [23] demonstrated that ROC usage for brick production satisfied the Korean Standards F 4004 and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure; thus, it is recommended that ROC is used as mixing water to produce calcio sulfoaluminate cement bricks for use in construction. Rana et al [24] determined that ROC represents a non-toxic, cost-effective, and nutrient-rich growth media for algae cultivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: Physicochemical Characteristics, Environmental Impact, and Technologies

et al. 2021

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This study’s aim is to generate a complete profile of reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC), including physicochemical characteristics, environmental impact, and technologies for ROC treatment, alongside element recovery with potential valorization. A systematic literature review was used to compile and analyze scientific information about ROC, and systematic identification and evaluation of the data/evidence in the articles were conducted using the methodological principles of grounded data theory. The literature analysis revealed that two actions are imperative: (1) countries should impose strict regulations to avoid the contamination of receiving water bodies and (2) desalination plants should apply circular economies. Currently, synergizing conventional and emerging technologies is the most efficient method to mitigate the environmental impact of desalination processes. However, constructed wetlands are an emerging technology that promise to be a viable multi-benefit solution, as they can provide simultaneous treatment of nutrients, metals, and trace organic contaminants at a relatively low cost, and are socially accepted; therefore, they are a sustainable solution.

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Recycling of Reverse Osmosis (RO) Reject Water as a Mixing Water of Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) Cement for Brick Production

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Preparation, Properties and Microstructure of Non-Calcination Rock Powder Brick with Orthogonal Experiments

Preparation, Properties and Microstructure of Non-Calcination Rock Powder Brick with Orthogonal Experiments

Insight on the Properties of Pumice Mineral for the Combined Adsorption Distillation of Membrane Reject Water

Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: Physicochemical Characteristics, Environmental Impact, and Technologies

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