Recycling of Aluminium from Mixed Household Waste

Eggen, Sigvart; Sandaunet, Kurt; Kolbeinsen, Leiv; Kvithyld, Anne

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36408-3_148

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The dross on top of the metal bath is skimmed continuously. In Eggen et al, 23 the remelting process was performed to recover aluminum from household waste (cans and foils). Pre-treatment, such as thermal decoating, compacting, and sizing was performed on household waste before remelting.…”

Section: Remelting and Fluxingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Secondary Aluminum Production and Its Byproducts

Padamata

Yasinskiy

Polyakov

2021

JOM

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Secondary aluminum production is required for the conservation of the environment. It can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption and reduce the consumption of alumina, a source of primary aluminum. Secondary aluminum production requires sorting processes for the metal scrap before starting the refining process. Salt slags generated from both primary and secondary aluminum production need to be recycled/treated as they are considered hazardous byproducts. This review paper discusses the methods used for sorting and refining aluminum waste and managing and utilizing slag cakes/slag from recycling techniques.

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Section: Remelting and Fluxingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Secondary Aluminum Production and Its Byproducts

Padamata

Yasinskiy

Polyakov

2021

JOM

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“…As mentioned earlier this must also be combined with a sufficiently high Technical Recovery Rate in order to get a satisfactory Recycling Rate. At the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SIN-TEF) in our Centre for Research-based Innovation: SFI Metal Production, we do research mainly on the technical aspects of recovery [22][23][24].…”

Section: Packagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mass fraction of aluminium in a packaging depends on the function aluminium plays in the item and can be categorized afterward. This categorization is useful as it coincides with how easy the item can be recycled, including sorting, pre-treatment and remelting, is decreasing with increasing category number [22]: -Category 1. Structural: Sheets and foils with up to 99% aluminium by mass and thickness 50 to 250 mm.…”

Section: Packagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beginning and the end of the aluminium value chain

Kolbeinsen¹

2020

Matériaux & Techniques

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Metallic aluminium does not naturally occur in nature, and it was largely unknown, virtually a mystery, until 200 years ago. The modern aluminium production using a hydrometallurgical refining process for making alumina followed by electrolysis of this mineral was first developed in 1886 and, in principle, the same technology is still used to this day. About 90% of alumina refineries in the world use the Bayer process for refining Bauxite ore. It is very efficient, but it can only be used on high quality bauxite with low content of admixtures, especially silicon. The Bayer process also generates a Bauxite Residue (BR), maybe better known as Red Mud (RM) which is a thick red-brown, high-basicity paste consisting of silicon, iron, aluminium, titanium and others. The International Institute of Aluminium estimates that since 1886 almost a billion tonnes of aluminium were produced around the world with three fourths of this amount still being in use today, of which about 35% is located in buildings and structures, 30% in electric cables and equipment and 30% in transport. Aluminium scrap is collected all over the world. In the home, it mostly consists of aluminium beverage cans. It is claimed that 1 ton of recycled empty beverage cans save 8 tons of bauxite, 4 kg of various fluorides and 14 kWh of electricity. Additionally, recycling aluminium significantly reduces the negative environmental impact of ever-expanding RM landfills. As the idea of environmental responsibility is gaining more and more traction, separate household scrap recycling is becoming more and more popular around the world. How challenges related to such activity can be met will be the main topic of this paper alongside discussing new developments for alumina production without RM generation.

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“…7 Certain recycling friendly alloys can be manufactured without property loss compared to primary based alloys by adjusted composition windows. [8][9][10][11][12] The role of impurity elements in the adjusted composition windows of the recycling friendly alloys is far from clear. Thus, for alloys based on PCS, concerns about corrosion exist.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycled Aluminium Alloys and their Models: Role and Behaviour of Alloying Elements during Alkaline Etching

Mysliu¹,

Storli²,

Kjørsvik³

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Alkaline etching is a common pretreatment for aluminium surfaces. Etching behaviour was compared between an alloy based on post-consumer scrap (PCS) and several model alloys of rolled AA3005 and extruded AA6060 with systematically varied amounts of Mn, Cu, and Ni. Analysis of concentrations of alloy elements in the etching solution by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) shows that significant fractions of the investigated elements Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn dissolve. Surface analysis of samples in different stages of the etching process show (i) an increase in oxide layer thickness with etching time, (ii) an enrichment of important alloy elements and impurities (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Si) near the metal/oxide interface, and (iii) the deposition of Mg, Fe, Si-containing aluminium hydroxide on the surface. A comparison with open circuit potential measurements and time-resolved electrochemical polarisation resistance measurements enables a detailed analysis of the etching mechanism. The aluminium dissolution rate during etching is limited by the transport of species through the oxide precursor layer, making it potential-independent. Differences in etching rates between different alloy classes, evidenced by mass loss measurements, are related to differences in the cathodic or anodic reaction mechanisms (hydrogen evolution or metal dissolution) during etching.

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Recycling of Aluminium from Mixed Household Waste

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

A Review of Secondary Aluminum Production and Its Byproducts

A Review of Secondary Aluminum Production and Its Byproducts

The beginning and the end of the aluminium value chain

Recycled Aluminium Alloys and their Models: Role and Behaviour of Alloying Elements during Alkaline Etching

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