Recycling concepts for lead–acid batteries

Prengaman, R. David; Mirza, A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63700-0.00020-9

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Typically, the plastic materials are recycled, and the sulfuric acid waste is sent to an acid plant for purification. The average mass of Pb paste from one spent LAB is a 6 kg mixture of PbSO4 (50-60 wt%), PbO (5-10 wt%), PbO2 (15-35 wt%) and metallic Pb (2-5 wt%) [14].…”

Section: Conventional Pyrometallurgical Lead Recycling Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead–acid batteries

Tan

Payne

Hallett

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lead-acid battery recycling industry is very well established, but the conventional pyrometallurgical processes are far from environmentally benign. Hence, recent developments of lead-acid battery recycling technologies have focused on low-temperature (electro-)hydrometallurgical processes, the subject of this review, covering modified electrolytes, improved reaction engineering, better reactor design and control of operating conditions.

show abstract

Section: Conventional Pyrometallurgical Lead Recycling Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead–acid batteries

Tan

Payne

Hallett

et al. 2019

Current Opinion in Electrochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pyrometallurgical recycling of lead acid batteries can be performed using at least three different routes, depending on the sulfur removal technology: 1) hydrometallurgical separation of sulfur in a form of Na2SO4 through precipitation of lead basic carbonate followed by pyrometallurgical processing [1]; 2) pyrometallurgical removal of sulfur in a form of SO2 using oxidative smelting, often conducted in top submerged lance furnace [2]; 3) pyrometallurgical removal of sulfur in a form of Na2S-FeS matte during reductive smelting [3]. Gopher Resource operates using the first route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental experimental and thermodynamic modelling study in support of the lead battery recycling slag

Shevchenko,

Shishin,

Graf

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimony, tin, and other higher value metals, as well as elements such as arsenic and lead, can be found in the slags produced during the lead battery recycling process. Gopher Resources operates lead battery recycling furnaces that use sodium slag systems for which there has been less thermodynamic research than more common slag systems. Better thermodynamic information could help improve the process efficiency and control of these furnaces, as well as the recovery of higher value metals. The present study focuses on experimental research and thermodynamic modeling of slags belonging to the Na-Si-Fe-O system, with minor elements including S, Sb, Sn, Pb, and As. Examples of important systems studied extensively for the first time include Fe-Sb-Si-O and Na-Sn-Si-O. Phase equilibria methods are used to determine all the interaction parameters between the impurity metals and the main components of the slag. The experimental methodology involves equilibration, quenching, and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of the samples. The modified Quasichemical model is used to describe the thermodynamics of the slags. The model also takes into account possible formation of matte/metal/speiss liquids, and numerous solid phases, which is important for understanding of fundamentals operation of various process units.

show abstract

“…One of the most important outcomes from such a measure was the increase of the lead-acid battery recycling process efficiency above 99% considering the total battery weight and over 99.9% considering the lead metal itself. 4 The lead-acid battery electrochemistry offers several more key-point advantages over the abovementioned competing electrochemical systems-it is intrinsically safe, it possesses a wide temperature tolerance, its self-discharge is rather low and it may operate with energy efficiency reaching 85%-90%. 5,6 These strong points make the lead-acid technologies very attractive for stationary applications due to their rather low demand for energy density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoric Acid Activation of Titanium-Supported Lead Dioxide Electrodes for Bipolar Battery Applications

Kirchev,

Serra,

Marie

2024

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Titanium foil coated with doped tin dioxide is an attractive option for the positive current collector interface of bipolar lead batteries due its corrosion resistance and mechanical performance. The phosphoric acid and two of its derivatives, one inorganic (calcium hydrogen phosphate) and one organic (poly-vinylphosphonic acid), have been studied as additives with potential for improvement of the capacity retention of such positive electrodes. The results show that the jar-formation process of the electrodes in the sulfuric acid electrolyte containing phosphoric acid successfully overcomes the capacity retention problem at all studied cases. This leads also to considerable improvement of the lead dioxide utilization. The cycling ageing of the electrodes combined with periodic impedance spectroscopy measurements, indicate progressive capacity loss corresponding to the typical processes of degradation of the lead dioxide structure. Rather small changes in the electrode resistance prove the corrosion and the passivation resistance of the current collectors. It is concluded that the combined doping with phosphoric acid species in the electrolyte and in the positive paste offers a potential for further improvements of the electrodes cyclability.

show abstract

Recycling concepts for lead–acid batteries

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead–acid batteries

Developments in electrochemical processes for recycling lead–acid batteries

Fundamental experimental and thermodynamic modelling study in support of the lead battery recycling slag

Phosphoric Acid Activation of Titanium-Supported Lead Dioxide Electrodes for Bipolar Battery Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About