Recycling and synthesis of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from waste lithium ion batteries using <scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-malic acid

Lu, Yong; Yao, Haisen; Xi, Guoxi; Feng, Yong

doi:10.1039/c5ra25079j

Cited by 132 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Acetic acid (NCM-Ac) and maleic acid (NCM-Ma) leachates were employed as raw liquor to resynthesize NCM separately, through sol-gel method. Yao et al [74] used similar strategy to attain good electrochemical performance with the regenerated cathode, NCM. Another natural organic acid, lactic acid was used as a leaching reagent to resynthesize the NCM by Li et al [68] The recovered cathode exhibited the discharge capacity of 138 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles with the same sol-gel process.…”

Section: Resynthesis Of Ncmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Natarajan

Aravindan

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

218

126

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Where sustainability is concerned, recycling of reutilizable wastes will always occupy the apex of the green chemistry research. Handling electronic wastes in a green manner without affecting the ecology and human health is one of the main challenges for material chemists and gains top priority among other fields of research. At present, handling and recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is a key priority. Due to these environmental concerns, massive interest has been triggered in various crystal structures of metal oxides, and different kinds of carbon materials that provide the opportunities to replace the commercial LIBs for energy storage and conversion applications in a cost‐effective manner. Reports are available on the recycling of spent LIBs, but these reports mainly focus on the metal recovery process rather than finding suitable applications for the recovered material. This present work exclusively summarizes the global demand for LIB raw materials, tactics in the resynthesis process along with the wide range of growing applications of spent LIB materials. Finally, the future prospects of applications that utilize spent LIB materials are addressed.

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Section: Resynthesis Of Ncmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Natarajan

Aravindan

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

218

126

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“…-T he separation of the spent graphite from the copperfoil is very simple because involves ao ne-step sieving in comparison with others that required and additional step of crushing. [3]…”

Section: Full-celllibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spent LIBs are composed of a diverse array of materials: 31 % cathode material (e.g., LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 ), as well as other metal oxides; 8 % aluminum; 22 % anode material (e.g., graphite); 17 % copper; 15 % organic electrolytes; 3 % membrane separator; 4 % carbon black and binder [e.g., polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)] . The recycling of these waste batteries is not only beneficial from an economic point of view because of the valuable materials they contain but also an imperative in harmony with sustainable development, as they are considered hazardous waste owing to the presence of toxic metals and corrosive electrolytes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] The recycling of these waste batteries is not only beneficial from an economic point of view because of the valuable materials they contain but also an imperative in harmony with sustainable development, as they are considered hazardousw aste owing to the presence of toxic metals andc orrosive electrolytes. [3] Twoo ft he key functional constituents of LIBs are presenti n the positive and negative electrodes (i.e.,c athode and anode materials). Mostm arketed LIBs use mixed oxides of Li and other metallic elements (i.e.,C o, Ni, Mn, and Al) as the cathode material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simple and Eco‐Friendly Fabrication of Electrode Materials and Their Performance in High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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The huge consumption of rechargeable Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) make it necessary to recover and reuse the different components of spent batteries, thus favoring sustainable development. Graphite is a critical material in the manufacture of the current LIBs so recycling it should be prioritized in the management of spent batteries. In this work, graphite is manually recovered from spent batteries used in smartphones. The impurities from the different components of the batteries are drastically reduced by simple leaching with HCl. This treatment significantly improves the delivered specific capacity, with average values of 300 and 390 mAh g−1 without and with leaching, respectively. To test recycled graphite as an anode material in real cells, it is paired with LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, the most promising cathode material for high‐voltage batteries. LiCl, produced directly by chlorination of spodumene, is used as the Li source to obtain the spinel sample. The real cell gives satisfactory values for both initial specific capacity (100 mAh g−1) and capacity retention after 100 cycles. These results are comparable to and in some cases even better than those for cells that use commercial graphite and conventional Li sources as primary raw materials. Moreover, the cell shows good performance during the rate capability test; the delivered capacity values decrease smoothly from 73 to 62 mAh g−1 while the rate increases from 0.1 to 1 C.

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“…The recycling of waste LIBs is very important for environmental protection and resource utilization. The most significant aspect of waste LIBs recycling technology is how to reuse the Li, Ni, Co and Mn resource in the waste LIBs [17,18], but re-separate different metal elements from composite metal oxides is a very complicated process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chelating agent on synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2

Zhang

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Ni-rich cathode material is one of the most promising material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in portable power and electric vehicles. However, how to recycle waste LIBs cathode materials is very important for environmental protection and resource utilization. LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 cathode materials were prepared by sol-gel combustion method Using waste LIBs cathode materials as raw materials. The effect of different gels on the crystal structure and morphology of LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron macroscopy. The electrochemical properties were investigated by charge-discharge testing, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the samples contained some residual C and primary crystals have been formed during combustion stage. When glucose was used as gel regent, the sample has the good electrochemical properties with the initial discharge capacity of 176.9 mAh g −1 , initial coulombic efficiency of 87.0% and discharge capacity retention rate of 95.8% after 50 cycles at 0.2 C rate. The results showed that the less the cation mixing, the more complete of hexagonal crystal structure, which induced the decrease of impedance resistance and good reversibility of redox reaction.

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Recycling and synthesis of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ from waste lithium ion batteries using d,l-malic acid

Abstract: An environmental friendly recycling method of waste lithium ion batteries use d,l-malic acid through reducing-complexing process.

Cited by 132 publications

References 43 publications

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Simple and Eco‐Friendly Fabrication of Electrode Materials and Their Performance in High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries

The effect of chelating agent on synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2

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Recycling and synthesis of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from waste lithium ion batteries using d,l-malic acid

Abstract: An environmental friendly recycling method of waste lithium ion batteries use d,l-malic acid through reducing-complexing process.

Cited by 132 publications

References 43 publications

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

Simple and Eco‐Friendly Fabrication of Electrode Materials and Their Performance in High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries

The effect of chelating agent on synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2

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Recycling and synthesis of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ from waste lithium ion batteries using d,l-malic acid