Recycling and Reuse of Textile Effluent Sludge

Abstract

In the whole world today there has been a growing awareness of the damage caused to the environment by the haphazard use of chemicals, some of which are very poisonous and carcinogenic. The textile industry has been strongly criticised as being one of the world's worst lawbreakers in terms of pollution because it demands a large amount of water and chemicals. Although air, water, and noise pollution are created at every step of fabric treatment, the most problem-filled is fabric wet processing, in terms of the huge amount of water and goodly number of chemicals used in wet processing and on completion of the process, leftover dyes and chemicals together with water are discharged as effluents. As the amount of sludge created by wastewater treatment increases, effective reuse and safe disposal of sludge becomes most important. This chapter provides comprehensive information about the various methods and techniques in recycling textile effluents and sludge treatment process of textile effluents.

The adsorption study of Royal Blue Tiafix and Black Tiassolan dyes using bone char as adsorbent

“…Hence, it can be concluded that the adsorption of P.TS onto BC is higher at low pH due to electrostatic attraction. Similar behavior was observed for adsorptions of azo disperse dye when increasing the pH from 1.0 to 7.0, resulting in a decrease of removal efficiency by Tezcan Un et al. (2015) and Wang et al.…”

“…The OH stretching vibration appearing at 3300–3450 cm −1 was attributed to the presence of phenols, alcohols, and carboxylic group. Also, the fact that this band is wide may be due to the presence of adsorbed water (Patel et al., 2015). The C = O and C = C stretching vibrations of protein and collagen on bovine bone are present in the 1500–1600 cm −1 range (Bedin et al., 2017).…”

“…The C = O and C = C stretching vibrations of protein and collagen on bovine bone are present in the 1500–1600 cm −1 range (Bedin et al., 2017). The bands at 1448–1415 cm −1 are due to the C–O stretching and has been assigned to CO 3 −2 group, while the signals at 565, 603, 1030, and 2010 cm −1 are characteristics of stretching and bending vibrations of PO 4 3− groups (Ahmed et al., 2015; Delgadillo-Velosco et al., 2017; Patel et al., 2015; Tovar-Gomez et al., 2013).…”

“…In addition, there are the environmental impacts caused by the sludge generated by the textile industry effluent treatment, which in most cases do not have adequate treatment and disposal (Karthik and Rathinamoorthy, 2015). The final destination of sludge generated in WTPs is a serious problem worldwide (Tamanini et al, 2008).…”

“…In studies of the area, the activated carbon adsorbent has been one of the most widely used in color removal and treatment of textile effluents. Furthermore, the development of low-cost alternative adsorbents has been the focus of many researches (Choi et al., 2015; Fernandez et al., 2015; Gonzalez et al., 2009; Kazmierczak-Razna et al., 2015; Khandelwal and Gaikwad, 2011; Saucier et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2015).…”